20 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Barbara K. Stepien, Samir Vaid, Wieland B. Huttner
The neocortex, a six-layer neuronal brain structure that arose during the evolution of, and is unique to, mammals, is the seat of higher order brain functions responsible for human cognitive abilities. Despite its recent evolutionary origin, it shows a striking variability in size and folding complexity even among…
Natalí Barros-Zulaica, Lida Kanari, Vishal Sood, Pranav Rai + 16 more
The neocortex underlies cognitive abilities that set humans apart from other species. Although Ramon y Cajal initiated its study in the 19th century, much about its fundamental properties remain poorly understood. Biologically detail modeling, has been shown to serve as a tool to understand the modeled system better.…
Joana Lourenço, Alberto Bacci
One outstanding difference between Homo sapiens and other mammals is the ability to perform highly complex cognitive tasks and behaviors, such as language, abstract thinking, and cultural diversity. How is this accomplished? According to one prominent theory, cognitive complexity is proportional to the repetition of…
Ewoud R. E. Schmidt, Franck Polleux
One of the most salient features defining modern humans is our remarkable cognitive capacity, which is unrivaled by any other species. Although we still lack a complete understanding of how the human brain gives rise to these unique abilities, the past several decades have witnessed significant progress in uncovering…
Séverine Mahon
Man's natural inclination to classify and hierarchize the living world has prompted neurophysiologists to explore possible differences in brain organisation between mammals, with the aim of understanding the diversity of their behavioural repertoires. But what really distinguishes the human brain from that of a…
Lucía Florencia Franchini
The remarkable sensory, motor, and cognitive abilities of mammals mainly depend on the neocortex. Thus, the emergence of the six-layered neocortex in reptilian ancestors of mammals constitutes a fundamental evolutionary landmark. The mammalian cortex is a columnar epithelium of densely packed cells organized in layers…
Thomas Dean, Chaofei Fan, Francis E. Lewis, Megumi Sano
Diverse subfields of neuroscience have enriched artificial intelligence for many decades. With recent advances in machine learning and artificial neural networks, many neuroscientists are partnering with AI researchers and machine learning experts to analyze data and construct models. This paper attempts to demonstrate…
Ana Uzquiano, Amanda J. Kedaigle, Martina Pigoni, Bruna Paulsen + 15 more
Realizing the full utility of brain organoids as experimental systems to study human cortical development requires understanding whether organoids replicate the cellular and molecular events of this complex process precisely, reproducibly, and with fidelity to the embryo. Here we present a comprehensive single-cell…
Niccolò Zanichelli, Maximilian Schons, Isaak Freeman, Philip Shiu + 1 more
Adam Glaser, Adam Marblestone, Anders Sandberg, Andrew Payne, Andy McKenzie, Anshul Kashyap, Camille Mitchell, Christian Larsen, Claire Wang, Connor Flexman, Daniel Leible, Davi Bock, Davy Deng, Ed Boyden, Florian Engert, Glenn Clayton, James Lin, Jianfeng Feng, Jordan Matelsky, Ken Hayworth, Kevin Esvelt, Konrad…
I.Yu. Pivovarov, Sergey Shumsky
We present Deep Control – new ML architecture of cortico-striatal brain circuits, which use whole cortical column as a structural element, instead of a singe neuron. Based on this architecture, we present MARTI - new model of human brain, considering neocortex and basal ganglia. This model is designed to implement…
José Eymard Homem Pittella
The purpose of this review is to highlight the most important aspects of the anatomical and functional uniqueness of the human brain. For this, a comparison is made between our brains and those of our closest ancestors (chimpanzees and bonobos) and human ancestors. During human evolution, several changes occurred in…
V Garcia-Marin, JG Kelly, MJ Hawken
The neuronal composition of homologous brain regions in different primates is important for understanding their processing capacities. Primary visual cortex (V1) has been widely studied in different members of the Catarrhines or Old-World monkeys. Neuronal density is considered to be central in defining the…
Jeel Moya-Salazar, Hans Contreras-Pulache
This article presents a novel perspective on the structure and function of the human cortex, grounded in the Sociobiological Informational Theory (SIT). SIT offers a conceptual framework that integrates biological, psychological, and social dimensions of brain activity, challenging traditional anatomical and…
Nicholas G Chehade
Motor cortex (M1) is a crucial brain area for controlling voluntary movements, such as reaching and grasping for a cup of coffee. M1 is organized in a somatotopic manner, such that M1 output driving movement to different parts of the body is organized along the cortical surface. In primates, the arm and hand are…
Rino Saiga, Kiyoto Shiga, Yasuhiro Maruta, Chie Inomoto + 18 more
human and mouse neurons and their implementation in generative AIs Authors: ['Rino Saiga' 'Kiyoto Shiga' 'Yasuhiro Maruta' 'Chie Inomoto' 'Hiroshi Kajiwara' 'Naoya Nakamura' 'Yu Kakimoto' 'Yoshiro Yamamoto' 'Masahiro Yasutake' 'Masayuki Uesugi' 'Akihisa Takeuchi' 'Kentaro Uesugi' 'Yasuko Terada' 'Yoshio Suzuki' 'Viktor…
László Keresztes, Evelin Szögi, Bálint Varga, Vince Grolmusz
Gaussian blurring is a well-established method for image data augmentation: it may generate a large set of images from a small set of pictures for training and testing purposes for Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications. When we apply AI for non-imagelike biological data, hardly any related method exists. Here we…
R. Jarrett Rushmore, Sylvain Bouix, Marek Kubicki, Yogesh Rathi + 2 more
The rhesus macaque is the closest animal model to the human, and investigations into the brain of the rhesus monkey has shed light on the function and organization of the primate brain at a scale and resolution not yet possible in studies of the human brain A cornerstone of the linkage between non-human primate and…
Daril E. Brown, Elizaveta V. Okorokova, Carrina Iacobacci, Brian Coughlin + 6 more
Neuropixels probes, initially developed for use in small animal models, have transformed basic neuroscience by enabling high-density, single-cell resolution recordings across multiple brain regions simultaneously. The recent development of Neuropixels 1.0 NHP Long—a longer probe designed for non-human primates—has…
Susumu Setogawa, Ryota Kanda, Shuto Tada, Takuya Hikima + 11 more
Characterization of inter-regional interactions in brain is essential for understanding the mechanism relevant to normal brain function and neurological disease. The recently developed flexible micro (μ)-electrocorticography (μECoG) device is one prominent method used to examine large-scale cortical activity across…
Authors not listed
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) offers non-contact, label-free imaging of live cells with nanometer-scale resolution. However, its conventional imaging mode is inherently slow due to repeated vertical scanning, limiting temporal resolution and causing inertial issues. Here, we present Scanning Counter Ion…