22 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Matteo Visconti di Oleggio Castello, Tom Dupré la Tour, Jack L. Gallant
Each person experiences the world through a unique conceptual lens, shaped by personal experiences, natural variations, or disease. These individual differences have remained largely inaccessible to cognitive neuroscience and clinical neurology, limiting the development of precision medicine approaches to cognitive…
Mojtaba Abbaszadeh, Erica Ozanick, Noa Magen, David Darrow + 4 more
People differ widely in how they make decisions in uncertain environments. While many studies leverage this variability to measure differences in specific cognitive processes and parameters, the key dimension(s) of individual variability in uncertain decision-making tasks has not been identified. Here, we analyzed…
Benjamin de Haas, Alexios L. Iakovidis, D. Samuel Schwarzkopf, Karl R. Gegenfurtner
What determines where we look? Theories of attentional guidance hold that image features and task demands govern fixation behaviour, while differences between observers are interpreted as ‘noise’. Here, we investigated the fixations of > 100 human adults freely viewing a large set of complex scenes. We found systematic…
Roussel Rahman
Traditionally, experimental effects on humans are investigated at the group level. In this work, we present a distributional "spotlight" to investigate experimental effects at the individual level. Specifically, we estimate the effects on individuals through the changes in the probability distributions of their…
Heleen A. Slagter, Fleur L. Bouwer
Individual differences in cognitive performance can be quantitative or qualitative in nature. Accounting for qualitative as well as quantitative individual differences is of importance for cognitive neuroscience, where a central goal is not only to relate brain function to behavior generally, but also to understand and…
Robin A. Murphy, Rachel M. Msetfi
This ebook represents the scientific contribution of over 30 individuals working in laboratories in 5 countries (Belgium, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States), unified by the study of associative learning and individual differences. Individual differences have a central place in the study of…
Laura Golenia, Marina M. Schoemaker, Leonora J. Mouton, Raoul M. Bongers + 1 more
'Raoul M. Bongers' 'Andrea Antal'] Many motor learning studies focus on average performance while it is known from everyday life experience that humans differ in their way of learning new motor tasks. This study emphasises the importance of recognizing individual differences in motor learning. We studied individual…
Zhengliang Liu, R. Jordan Crouser, Alvitta Ottley
Developments in data visualization research have enabled visualization systems to achieve great general usability and application across a variety of domains. These advancements have improved not only people's understanding of data, but also the general understanding of people themselves, and how they interact with…
Claudia C. von Bastian
Rouder and Haaf ([12]) propose a focus shift toward qualitative individual differences in cognition and present a research toolkit for doing so. In this invited commentary, I will argue that the observation of qualitative individual differences may be no more than an indicator that more theoretical and empirical work…
Yuval Samoilov-Katz, Yoram Louzoun, Lev Muchnik, Adam Zaidel
Social animals, including humans, have a broad range of personality traits, which can be used to predict individual behavioral responses and decisions. Current methods to quantify individual personality traits in humans rely on self-report questionnaires, which require time and effort to collect, and rely on active…
Ulrike Scherer, Sean M. Ehlman, David Bierbach, Jens Krause + 1 more
Genetic and environmental differences are by far the most studied drivers underlying phenotypic variation. However, a growing number of studies finds among-individual variation that is unexplained by genes or environment. Up to now, it remains an open question whether such seemingly stochastic variation has fitness…
Jason da Silva Castanheira, Alex I. Wiesman, Margot J. Taylor, Sylvain Baillet
How do neurophysiological traits that characterize individuals evolve across the lifespan? To address this question, we analyzed brief, task-free magnetoencephalographic recordings from over 1,000 individuals aged 4-89. We found that neurophysiological activity is significantly more similar between individuals in…
Lars-Gunnar Lundh
In the present issue of JPOR, two pioneers in person-oriented research, John Nesselroade and Peter Molenaar, write about a crucial difference between measurement in the behavioral sciences and measurement in the physical sciences: Whereas movements of physical objects can be accounted for by external forces, the…
Arabella Charlotte Vaughan, Damian Patrick Birney
Despite evidence that it exists, short-term within-individual variability in cognitive performance has largely been ignored as a meaningful component of human cognitive ability. In this article, we build a case for why this within-individual variability should not be viewed as mere measurement error and why it should…
Bruno Gingras
The ability to discriminate among individuals is crucial in species, such as humans, that place a premium on kin recognition (Tang-Martinez, [20]). Identity cues used by humans comprise not only visual cues, including relatively static cues such as facial features (Carey, [4]) or dynamic displays such as gait and…
Paul X. McCarthy, Xian Gong, Marieth Coetzer, Marian-Andrei Rizoiu + 4 more
'Margaret L. Kern' 'John A. Johnson' 'Richard Holden' 'Fabian Braesemann'] This study explores the relationship between personality diversity and national economic performance, introducing the Global Personality Diversity Index (Ψ-GPDI) as a novel metric. Leveraging a dataset of 760,242 individuals across 135…
Erhan Genç, Caroline Schlüter, Christoph Fraenz, Larissa Arning + 6 more
Intelligence is a highly polygenic trait and GWAS have identified thousands of DNA variants contributing with small effects. Polygenic scores (PGS) can aggregate those effects for trait prediction in independent samples. As large-scale light-phenotyping GWAS operationalized intelligence as performance in rather…
Alexander Apostle, Yipeng Yin, Komal Chillar, Adikari M. D. N. Eriyagama + 4 more
Like other viruses, SARS-CoV-2 causes different symptoms and different degrees of harmfulness to different individuals. Potential reasons include an individual's viral dose exposure, the affinity of an individual's ACE2 to the spike protein of the virus, and the ability of the individual's induced immune system to…
Authors not listed
As demand rises for scalable and sustainable energy storage, fast and low-cost diagnostics capable of identifying cell-to-cell variations are urgently needed, particularly for factory-produced sorting and second-life assessment. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is widely used but remains slow, expensive and…
Lucas Gren
In recent years, empirical soware engineering has gone through a similar transition as psychology in relation to explaining the differences and effects of diversity in the human population. In fact, most scientific fields that do research with human subjects have started by conducting studies in the vicinity of their…
Authors not listed
In molecular machine learning, the choice of the representation of molecules can have a significant impact on model performance. However, understanding the root causes of these performance differences often proves challenging. One promising approach to explore model behavior is representational alignment, which…
Senad Bećirović, Damir Bešlija
The twenty-first century is the century of encounter of the different races, nations, cultures, religions and customs. In the twenty-first century, man is more and more exposed to various influences that leave a trace on the entire sphere of his social life, including education. Given that education systems play one of…