15 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Irani, Khashayar
This paper undertakes a foundational inquiry into logical inferentialism with particular emphasis on the normative standards it establishes and the implications these pose for classical logic. The central question addressed herein is: 'What is Logical Inferentialism & How do its Standards challenge Classical Logic?' In…
Matthew Collins, Timo Eckhardt, David Pym
Information is one of the most widely-discussed concepts of the current era. However, a great deal of insightful work notwithstanding, it is yet to be given wholly convincing logical or mathematical foundations. Without them, we lack adequate reasoning tools for understanding the complex ecosystems of systems upon…
Rasmus Blanck, Bill Noble
Neural systems for Natural Language Inference (NLI) have seen impressive performance over the last ten years, but their ability to generalize beyond their training data has repeatedly been questioned. The NLI task has long been considered as a proxy for the wider problem of Natural Language Understanding (NLU)…
Alexander V. Gheorghiu, Tao Gu, David Pym
The prevailing paradigm of semantics in logic is denotationalism, wherein the meaning of logical structures is grounded in reference to abstract algebraic structures, exemplified by model-theoretic semantics (M-tS). An alternative paradigm is inferentialism (Brandom 2009), wherein meaning emerges from rules of…
Luca Incurvati
In their terrific book Reasons for Logic, Logic for Reasons, Ulf Hlobil and Robert Brandom defend a normative-pragmatic interpretation of implication and incompatibility cashed out in bilateral terms. Using epistemic modal cases, I argue that Hlobil and Brandom’s normative-pragmatic interpretation of implication fails…
Iulian D. Toader
It is an experimental fact that quantum mechanics (QM) makes adequate empirical claims, and we can know that QM makes adequate empirical claims, since there is plenty of inductive evidence supporting this fact. But suppose that a rational reconstruction of QM can be given. A rational reconstruction, as Carnap…
Majid D. Beni
In a recent contribution, Swanson ([18]) mentioned several reasons for understanding the predictive processing theory (PP) as a new development of Kant's theories of cognition. The aim of this general commentary is not to deny that PP has roots in Kant, but to stress the point that such an apparently innocent…
Carlos Montemayor
How should we define inferential reasoning in high-level cognition? Can non-conscious representations guide or even determine high-level cognition? If so, what are the properties of such non-conscious representations? Two contemporary debates on high-level cognition center on these issues. The first concerns the…
Ishita Dasgupta, Eric Schulz, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Samuel J. Gershman
Bayesian theories of cognition assume that people can integrate probabilities rationally. However, several empirical findings contradict this proposition: human probabilistic inferences are prone to systematic deviations from optimality. Puzzlingly, these deviations sometimes go in opposite directions. Whereas some…
Gerhard Schurz
In the first part of the paper (sec. 1-4), I argue that Elqayam and Evan's ([13]) distinction between normative and instrumental conceptions of cognitive rationality corresponds to deontological vs. teleological accounts in meta-ethics. I suggest that Elqayam and Evans' distinction be replaced by the distinction…
Shuji Shinohara, Nobuhito Manome, Kouta Suzuki, Ung-il Chung + 4 more
In this study, we start by proposing a causal induction model that incorporates symmetry bias. This model has two parameters that control the strength of symmetry bias and includes conditional probability and conventional models of causal induction as special cases. It can reproduce causal induction of human judgment…
Claire Field
I argue for the unexceptionality of evidence about what rationality requires. Specifically, I argue that, as for other topics, one’s total evidence can sometimes support false beliefs about this. Despite being prima facie innocuous, a number of philosophers have recently denied this. Some have argued that the facts…
Tianfan Jin, Brett M Savoie
Contemporary machine learning algorithms have largely succeeded in automating the development of mathematical models from data. Although this is a striking accomplishment, it leaves unaddressed the multitude of scenarios, especially across the chemical sciences and engineering, where deductive, rather than inductive…
Greg Jensen, Yelda Alkan, Fabian Muñoz, Vincent P. Ferrera + 1 more
Transitive inference (TI) is a classic learning paradigm for which the relative contributions of experienced rewards and representation-driven inference have been vigorously debated, particularly with regard to the notion that animals are capable of logic and reasoning. Rhesus macaque subjects and human participants…
Maryam Ziaei, Mohammad Reza Bonyadi, David Reutens
Prior knowledge and beliefs influence our reasoning in daily life and may lead us to draw unwarranted conclusions with undesirable consequences. The underlying neural correlates of the interaction between belief and logic, prior to making logical decisions, are largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify brain…