17 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Luca Rinaldi, Annette Karmiloff-Smith, Andreas Demetriou, George Spanoudis
'George Spanoudis'] The concept of intelligence encompasses the mental abilities necessary to survival and advancement in any environmental context. Attempts to grasp this multifaceted concept through a relatively simple operationalization have fostered the notion that individual differences in intelligence can often…
Kristof Kovacs, Csaba Pléh
William Stern is mostly renowned for inventing the IQ formula. However, he is also the originator of the term ‘differential psychology’ itself. His program of differential psychology synthesized population-based correlational studies as well as idiosyncratic approaches focusing on unique profiles of individuals. We…
Richard E. Brown
Raymond B. Cattell is credited with the development of the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence. The genesis of this theory is, however, vague. Cattell, in different papers, stated that it was developed in 1940, 1941 or 1942. Carroll ([4], Multivariate Behavioral Research, 19, 300-306) noted the similarity of…
Jonas A. Thiele, Joshua Faskowitz, Olaf Sporns, Adam Chuderski + 2 more
Understanding the mechanisms of the human brain enabling complex cognition is a major objective of neuroscientific research. Studies employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) identified increased activation in specific brain regions during different cognitive states.…
Youzhi Qu, Chen Wei, Penghui Du, W.Q. Che + 9 more
for large models Authors: ['Youzhi Qu' 'Chen Wei' 'Penghui Du' 'W.Q. Che' 'Chi Zhang' 'Wanli Ouyang' 'Yatao Bian' 'Feiyang Xu' 'Bin Hu' 'Kai Du' 'Haiyan Wu' 'Jia Liu' 'Quanying Liu'] During the evolution of large models, performance evaluation is necessarily performed to assess their capabilities and ensure safety…
Chandra Sripada, Mike Angstadt, Saige Rutherford
Identifying brain-based markers of general cognitive ability, i.e., “intelligence”, has been a longstanding goal of cognitive and clinical neuroscience. Previous studies focused on relatively static, enduring features such as gray matter volume and white matter structure. In this report, we investigate prediction of…
Aladdin Ayesh
This paper aims to question the suitability of the Turing Test, for testing machine intelligence, in the light of advances made in the last 60 years in science, medicine, and philosophy of mind. While the main concept of the test may seem sound and valid, a detailed analysis of what is required to pass the test…
Phillip L. Ackerman
The main purpose of modern intelligence tests has been to predict individual differences in academic performance, first of children, then adolescents, and later extending to adults. From the earliest Binet-Simon scales to current times, most one-on-one omnibus intelligence assessments include both process subtests…
Liina Mansukoski, Eef Hogervorst, Luis Fúrlan, J. Andres Galvez-Sobral + 3 more
Childhood IQ has been used to predict later life outcomes across disciplines in epidemiology, education, and psychology. Most often only a single childhood IQ test is available or is used for these purposes in the belief that IQ is stable across the life course. The primary aim of this study was to examine the…
Bruno Hebling Vieira, Gustavo Santo Pedro Pamplona, Karim Fachinello, Alice Kamensek Silva + 2 more
Human intelligence is one of the main objects of study in cognitive neuroscience. Reviews and meta-analyses have proved to be fundamental to establish and cement neuroscientific theories on intelligence. The prediction of intelligence using in vivo neuroimaging data and machine learning has become a widely accepted and…
Robert J. Sternberg
This article explores the advantages of viewing intelligence not as a fixed trait residing within an individual, but rather as a person × task × situation interaction. The emphasis in the article is on the role of persons solving tasks embedded in situations involving learning, intellectual abilities, and competencies.…
Robert J. Sternberg, Aakash Chowkase, Fabio Andres Parra-Martinez, Jenna Landy
'Jenna Landy'] Criterion-referenced testing is usually applied to the assessment of achievement. In this article, we suggest how it can also be applied to the assessment of adaptive intelligence, that is, intelligence as adaptation to the environment. In the era of the Anthropocene, we argue that adaptive intelligence…
Julien Dubois, Paola Galdi, Lynn K. Paul, Ralph Adolphs
Individual people differ in their ability to reason, solve problems, think abstractly, plan and learn. A reliable measure of this general ability, also known as intelligence, can be derived from scores across a diverse set of cognitive tasks. There is great interest in understanding the neural underpinnings of…
Yuan Yang, Mathilee Kunda
As being widely used to measure human intelligence, Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM) tests also pose a great challenge for AI systems. There is a long line of computational models for solving RPM, starting from 1960s, either to understand the involved cognitive processes or solely for problem-solving purposes. Due to…
Jonas A. Thiele, Joshua Faskowitz, Olaf Sporns, Kirsten Hilger
A growing body of research predicts individual cognitive ability from brain characteristics including functional brain connectivity. Most of this research aims for high prediction performances but lacks insight into neurobiological processes underlying the predicted concepts. Here, we encourage designing predictive…
Feng Liu, Yong Shi, Ying Liu
1Research Center on Fictitious Economy and Data Science, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 2The Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 3College of Information Science and Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE…
Ernest Davis
In this position paper, I argue that standardized tests for elementary science such as SAT or Regents tests are not very good benchmarks for measuring the progress of artificial intelligence systems in understanding basic science. The primary problem is that these tests are designed to test aspects of knowledge and…