23 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Majid Komeili, Chloé Pou-Prom, Daniyal Liaqat, Kathleen C. Fraser + 3 more
Language is one the earliest capacities affected by cognitive change. To monitor that change longitudinally, we have developed a web portal for remote linguistic data acquisition, called Talk2Me, consisting of a variety of tasks. In order to facilitate research in different aspects of language, we provide baselines…
Agata Wolna, Aaron Wright, Benjamin Lipkin, Evelina Fedorenko
Although language neuroscience has largely focused on ‘core’ left frontal and temporal brain areas and their right-hemisphere homotopes, numerous other areas—cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar—have been implicated in linguistic processing. However, these areas’ contributions to language remain unclear given that the…
Damián E. Blasí, Antonios Anastasopoulos, Graham Neubig
Natural language processing (NLP) systems have become a central technology in communication, education, medicine, artificial intelligence, and many other domains of research and development. While the performance of NLP methods has grown enormously over the last decade, this progress has been restricted to a minuscule…
Jana Klaus, Dennis J. L. G. Schutter
In addition to the role of left frontotemporal areas in language processing, there is increasing evidence that language comprehension and production require control and working memory resources involving the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the left DLPFC…
Saima Malik-Moraleda, Maya Taliaferro, Steve Shannon, Niharika Jhingan + 8 more
What constitutes a language? Natural languages share features with other domains: from math, to music, to gesture. However, the brain mechanisms that process linguistic input are highly specialized, showing little response to diverse non-linguistic tasks. Here, we examine constructed languages (conlangs) to ask whether…
Maria Eugênia Arantes, Fernando Cendes
Human language can convey a broad range of entities and relationships through processes that are highly complex and structured. All of these processes are happening somewhere inside our brains, and one way of precising these locations is through the usage of the functional magnetic resonance imaging. The great obstacle…
Laura Babcock, Antonino Vallesi
Simultaneous interpretation is an impressive cognitive feat which necessitates the simultaneous use of two languages and therefore begs the question: how is language management accomplished during interpretation? One possibility is that both languages are maintained active and inhibitory control is reduced. To examine…
Ludovica Pannitto, Lucia Busso, Claudia Roberta Combei, Lucio Messina + 3 more
'Lucio Messina' 'Alessio Miaschi' 'Gabriele Sarti' 'Malvina Nissim'] Although Natural Language Processing (NLP) is at the core of many tools young people use in their everyday life, high school curricula (in Italy) do not include any computational linguistics education. This lack of exposure makes the use of such tools…
Zoha Deldar, Carlos Gevers-Montoro, Ali Khatibi, Ladan Ghazi-Saidi
Language processing involves other cognitive domains, including Working Memory (WM). Much detail about the neural correlates of language and WM interaction remains unclear. This review summarizes the evidence for the interaction between WM and language obtained via functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in the…
Gao Yuru, Zhang Ling
This study investigated how different forms of task influence the oral performance of Chinese second-language learners and native speakers. By analyzing data from 40 Chinese second-language learners and 40 native speakers through picture description tasks, formal and informal questions, and questions with different…
E. Roger, L. Rodrigues De Almeida, H. Lœvenbruck, M. Perrone-Bertolotti + 8 more
Language processing is a highly integrative function, intertwining linguistic operations (processing the language code intentionally used for communication) and extra-linguistic processes (e.g., attention monitoring, predictive inference, long-term memory). This synergetic cognitive architecture requires a distributed…
Authors not listed
Natural language processing with the help of large language models such as ChatGPT has become ubiquitous in many software applications and allows users to interact even with complex hardware or software in an intuitive way. The recent concepts of Self-Driving Labs and Material Acceleration Platforms stand to benefit…
Sanna Olkkonen, Patrick Snellings, Outi Veivo, Pekka Lintunen
The fluency of second language (L2) speech can be influenced by L2 proficiency, but also by differences in the efficiency of cognitive operations and personal speaking styles. The nature of cognitive fluency is still, however, little understood. Therefore, we studied the cognitive fluency of Finnish advanced students…
Megan Belzner, Sean Colin-Ellerin, Jorge H. Román
This project explores the nature of language acquisition in computers, guided by techniques similar to those used in children. While existing natural language processing methods are limited in scope and understanding, our system aims to gain an understanding of language from first principles and hence minimal initial…
Chihiro Taguchi, Richard Sproat
We present a system that uses LLMs as a tool in the development of Constructed Languages—ConLangs. The system is modular in that one first creates a target phonology for the language using an agentic approach that refines its output at each step with commentary feedback on its previous attempt. Next, a set of sentences…
Rachana Niranjan Murthy, Sai Teja Potu, Akhil Thomas, Lokesh Mishra + 2 more
Retrieving structured materials information from unstructured textual data is essential for data mining and automatically developing comprehensive ontologies. Information extraction is a complex task composed of multiple subtasks and thus often relies on systems of task-specialized language models. A foundation…
Authors not listed
Artificial intelligence, represented by large language models (LLMs), has demonstrated tremendous capabilities in natural language recognition and extraction. To further evaluate the performance of various LLMs in extracting information from academic papers, this study explores the application of LLMs in reticular…
Daniel Gildea, T. Florian Jaeger
Most languages use the relative order between words to encode meaning relations. Languages differ, however, in what orders they use and how these orders are mapped onto different meanings. We test the hypothesis that –despite these differences– human languages might constitute different 'solutions' to common pressures…
Evelina Leivada, Roberta D’Alessandro, Kleanthes K. Grohmann
The aim of this work is to identify and analyze a set of challenges that are likely to be encountered when one embarks on fieldwork in linguistic communities that feature small, young, and/or non-standard languages with a goal to elicit big sets of rich data. For each challenge, we (i) explain its nature and…
Sanjar Adilov
Generative neural networks have shown promising results in de novo drug design. Recent studies suggest that one of the efficient ways to produce novel molecules matching target properties is to model SMILES sequences using deep learning in a way similar to language modeling in natural language processing. In this…
Qianxiang Ai, Fanwang Meng, Jiale Shi, Brenden Pelkie + 1 more
The popularity of data-driven approaches and machine learning (ML) techniques in the field of organic chemistry and its various subfields has increased the value of structured reaction data. Most data in chemistry is represented by unstructured text, and due to the vastness of the organic chemistry literature (papers…
Joshua Conrad Jackson, Joseph Watts, Johann-Mattis List, Curtis Puryear + 2 more
'Curtis Puryear' 'Ryan Drabble' 'Kristen A. Lindquist'] Humans have been using language for millennia but have only just begun to scratch the surface of what natural language can reveal about the mind. Here we propose that language offers a unique window into psychology. After briefly summarizing the legacy of language…
Authors not listed
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as large language models (LLMs) have become ubiquitous in everyday life, and are also increasingly finding applications in the chemical sciences. Although LLMs have achieved impressive performance on many chemistry tasks, optimal performance requires proper use…