20 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Sami El-Boustani, Jacque P K Ip, Vincent Breton-Provencher, Hiroyuki Okuno + 2 more
Plasticity of cortical responses involves activity-dependent changes at synapses, but the manner in which different forms of synaptic plasticity act together to create functional changes in neuronal responses remains unknown. Here we show that spike-timing induced receptive field plasticity of individual visual cortex…
Reinder Radersma, Daniel W.A. Noble, Tobias Uller
Phenotypic responses to a novel or extreme environment are initially plastic, only later to be followed by genetic change. Whether or not environmentally induced phenotypes are sufficiently recurrent and fit to leave a signature in adaptive evolution is debated. Here, we analyze multivariate data from 34 plant…
Felipe Bastos Rocha, Louis Bernard Klaczko
Phenotypic plasticity may evolve as a generalist strategy to cope with environmental heterogeneity. Empirical studies, however, rarely find results confirming this prediction. This may be related to constraints imposed by the genetic architecture underlying plasticity variation. Three components of plasticity are…
Lyes Khacef, P. Klein, Matteo Cartiglia, Arianna Rubino + 2 more
'Giacomo Indiveri' 'Elisabetta Chicca'] Abstract. Understanding how biological neural networks carry out learning using spike-based local plasticity mechanisms can lead to the development of powerful, energy-efficient, and adaptive neuromorphic processing systems. A large number of spike-based learning models have…
Megha Sehgal, Daniel Almeida Filho, George Kastellakis, Sungsoo Kim + 13 more
Events occurring close in time are often linked in memory, providing an episodic timeline and a framework for those memories. Recent studies suggest that memories acquired close in time are encoded by overlapping neuronal ensembles, but the role of dendritic plasticity mechanisms in linking memories is unknown. Using…
Ashok N. Hegde, Kathryn A. Haynes, Svitlana V. Bach, Brenna C. Beckelman
'Brenna C. Beckelman'] The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) of protein degradation has many roles in synaptic plasticity that underlies memory. Work on both invertebrate and vertebrate model systems has shown that the UPP regulates numerous substrates critical for synaptic plasticity. Initial research took a global…
Martin Eriksson, Alexandra Kinnby, Pierre De Wit, Marina Rafajlović
Adaptive phenotypic plasticity may improve the response of individuals when faced with new environmental conditions. Typically, empirical evidence for plasticity is based on phenotypic reaction norms obtained in reciprocal transplant experiments. In such experiments, individuals from their native environment are…
Kattia Palacio-López, Brian Beckage, Samuel Scheiner, Jane Molofsky
Adaptation to heterogeneous environments can occur via phenotypic plasticity, but how often this occurs is unknown. Reciprocal transplant studies provide a rich dataset to address this issue in plant populations because they allow for a determination of the prevalence of plastic versus canalized responses. From 31…
Lorena Ruiz-Montoya, Juan Núñez-Farfán, Norman Johnson
Host race formation in phytophagous insects can be an early stage of adaptive speciation. However, the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in host use is another possible outcome. Using a reciprocal transplant experiment we tested the hypothesis of local adaptation in the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae. Aphid genotypes…
Samuel M Scheiner, Robert D Holt
Despite the apparent advantages of adaptive plasticity, it is not common. We examined the effects of variation and uncertainty on selection for plasticity using an individual-based computer simulation model. In the model, the environment consisted of a linear gradient of 50 demes with dispersal occurring either before…
Toviah Moldwin, Li Shay Azran, Idan Segev
The brain modifies synaptic strengths to store new information via long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). Evidence has mounted that long-term plasticity is controlled via concentrations of calcium ([Ca^2+^]) in postsynaptic spines. Several mathematical models describe this phenomenon, including…
Beatriz E. P. Mizusaki, Sally S. Y. Li, Rui Ponte Costa, P. Jesper Sjöström
A plethora of experimental studies have shown that long-term plasticity can be expressed pre- or postsynaptically depending on a range of factors such as developmental stage, synapse type, and activity patterns. The functional consequences of this diversity are unknown. However, in models of neuronal learning…
Emanuele Tonti, Mauro Budini, Enzo Maria Vingolo, Hiroki Toyoda
Brain plasticity is the capacity of cerebral neurons to change, structurally and functionally, in response to experiences. This is an essential property underlying the maturation of sensory functions, learning and memory processes, and brain repair in response to the occurrence of diseases and trauma. In this field…
A.A. Osipova, I.V. Smirnov, M.P. Smirnova, A.A. Borodinova + 2 more
Heterosynaptic plasticity, along with Hebbian homosynaptic plasticity, is an important mechanism ensuring stable operation of learning neuronal networks. However, whether heterosynaptic plasticity occurs in the whole brain in vivo, and what role(s) in brain function in vivo it could play, remains unclear. Here, we used…
Péter Csermely
BACKGROUND: Adaptation is essential for survival. System plasticity and rigidity were recurrently shown to be involved in adaptation mechanisms, and were described as i.) big and small phenotypes of human metabolism; ii.) initial and well-developed states of hematopoietic cell differentiation; iii.) more and less…
Natalia D. Rydzenska, Pawel J. Winklewski, Michal W. Blaszczyk-Niezgoda, Anna B. Marcinkowska
Experience-dependent neural plasticity is fundamental to adaptive behaviour, yet certain perceptual abilities resist modification despite extensive training. Critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF), the threshold at which flickering light appears continuous, is a foundational constraint in visual temporal processing…
Cian O’Donnell
Learning and memory relies on synapses changing their strengths in response to neural activity. However there is a substantial gap between the timescales of neural electrical dynamics (1—100 ms) and organism behaviour during learning (seconds—minutes). What mechanisms bridge this timescale gap? What are the…
Samuel J. Gershman
The most widely accepted view of memory in the brain holds that synapses are the storage sites of memory, and that memories are formed through associative modification of synapses. This view has been challenged on conceptual and empirical grounds. As an alternative, it has been proposed that molecules within the cell…
Authors not listed
This work aims to elucidate the influence of filler particle size on the rheological behaviour, as well as the micro- and macromechanical properties, of polymer-ceramic composites. For this investigation, two widely utilised biodegradable polymers, polylactide (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL), were selected as the…
Authors not listed
A novel approach to selectively modify narrow sub-areas of metallic nanostructures adjacent to plasmonic hotspots, where strong electromagnetic field amplification occurs upon localized surface plasmon (LSP) excitation, is reported. In contrast to plasmon-driven polymerization, it relies on plasmonically enhanced…