22 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Jingde Cheng
— Recently, with the application progress of AIGC tools based on large language models (LLMs), led by ChatGPT, many AI experts and more non-professionals are trumpeting the "reasoning ability" of the LLMs. The present author considers that the so-called "reasoning ability" of LLMs are just illusions of those people who…
Xuezhi Yang
This article discusses the logical errors in the liar paradox, G ¨odel's incompleteness theorems, Russell's paradox, and the halting problem. In order to avoid these errors, a redefinition of logic has been presented, which is concluded as four principles in set-theoretic language, including 1. Don't talk about empty…
Authors not listed
While virtual libraries of synthetically accessible compounds have exploded in size to many billions, our capacity to extract valuable drug leads from these vast databases remains limited by computational resources. To overcome this, we developed SLICE SMARTS and Logic In ChEmistry), a powerful new tool designed for…
Heinrich Wansing
In this paper, Graham Priest’s understanding of dialetheism, the view that there exist true contradictions, is discussed, and various kinds of metaphysical dialetheism are distinguished between. An alternative to dialetheism is presented, namely a thesis called ‘dimathematism’. It is pointed out that dimathematism…
Kotaro Funakoshi
This paper1 presents Non-Axiomatic Term Logic (NATL) as a theoretical computational framework of humanlike symbolic reasoning in artificial intelligence. NATL unites a discrete syntactic system inspired from Aristotle's term logic and a continuous semantic system based on the modern idea of distributed representations…
Wesley H. Holliday, Matthew Mandelkern
The reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) are the topic of a growing body of research in AI and cognitive science. In this paper, we probe the extent to which twenty-nine LLMs are able to distinguish logically correct inferences from logically fallacious ones. We focus on inference patterns involving…
Yuxuan Wan, Wenxuan Wang, Yiliu Yang, Youliang Yuan + 4 more
'Pinjia He' 'Wenxiang Jiao' 'Michael R. Lyu'] We introduce LogicAsker, a novel approach for evaluating and enhancing the logical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and GPT-4. Despite LLMs' prowess in tasks like writing assistance, code generation, and machine translation, assessing…
Salma Waheed, Abdul Waheed, Sana Habib, Agnieszka Konys
This study looked at a classical truth logic of multi-propositions that is new in some ways: [1] Alethic modalities were mixed with logical consistency and incompatibility in a single plate form, i.e., necessary consistency (NC), possible consistency (PC)/ possible incompatibility (PI) and impossible incompatibility…
Authors not listed
In the real world, many reversal phenomena occur—for example, cases in which a statement once regarded as false is later recognized as true. Upside-Down Logic is a framework designed to formalize such reversal phenomena as a logical system. It inverts the truth and falsity of propositions through contextual…
Maryam Ziaei, Mohammad Reza Bonyadi, David C. Reutens
In logical reasoning, difficulties in inhibition of currently-held beliefs may lead to unwarranted conclusions, known as belief bias. Aging is associated with difficulties in inhibitory control, which may lead to deficits in inhibition of currently-held beliefs. No study to date, however, has investigated the…
P. N. Johnson-Laird, Marco Ragni
Everyone reasons about possibilities. This article explains how they could do so using mental models. The theory makes four major claims: 1. Correct inferences are necessary, referring only to facts or possibilities to which the premises refer and not ruling any of them out, for example: She left or hid; Therefore…
Hope Kean, Alexander Fung, Paris Jaggers, Jason Chen + 6 more
Humans are endowed with a powerful capacity for both inductive and deductive logical thought: we easily form generalizations based on a few examples and draw conclusions from known premises. Humans also arguably have the most sophisticated communication system in the animal kingdom: natural language allows us to…
Hope Kean, Alexander Fung, Paris Jaggers, Jason Chen + 6 more
Humans are endowed with a powerful capacity for both inductive and deductive logical thought: we easily form generalizations based on a few examples and draw conclusions from known premises. Humans also arguably have the most sophisticated communication system in the animal kingdom: natural language allows us to…
Selmer Bringsjord, Michael Giancola, Naveen Sundar Govindarajulu, John Slowik + 3 more
'John Slowik' 'James Oswald' 'Paul Bello' 'Micah Clark'] Formal deductive logic, used to express and reason over declarative, axiomatizable content, captures, we now know, essentially all of what is known in mathematics and physics, and captures as well the details of the proofs by which such knowledge has been…
Omid Ghasemi, Simon J. Handley, Rachel G. Stephens
When individuals are asked to evaluate the believability of the conclusions to valid or invalid arguments, they often endorse valid conclusions at higher rates than invalid ones. This effect of validity on belief judgments-the “logic-belief effect” -is considered evidence of intuitive logic. However, recent studies…
Theo Knijnenburg, Gunnar Klau, Francesco Iorio, Mathew Garnett + 3 more
Mining large datasets using machine learning approaches often leads to models that are hard to interpret and not amenable to the generation of hypotheses that can be experimentally tested. Finding ‘actionable knowledge’ is becoming more important, but also more challenging as datasets grow in size and complexity. We…
Maryam Ziaei, Mohammad Reza Bonyadi, David Reutens
Prior knowledge and beliefs influence our reasoning in daily life and may lead us to draw unwarranted conclusions with undesirable consequences. The underlying neural correlates of the interaction between belief and logic, prior to making logical decisions, are largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify brain…
Ulrich Furbach, Claudia Schon, Frieder Stolzenburg, Karl-Heinz Weis + 1 more
'Claus-Peter Wirth'] Abstract Higher-level cognition includes logical reasoning and the ability of question answering with common sense. The RatioLog project addresses the problem of rational reasoning in deep question answering by methods from automated deduction and cognitive computing. In a first phase, we combine…
Authors not listed
Iontronics can improve soft robotics, like wearable devices and environmental sensors, by replacing rigid electronics with viscoelastic materials that mimic biological tissue. Circuit components, including diodes, transistors, and power sources, have been fabricated with soft materials that utilize ionic current.…
Authors not listed
The exponentially growing body of scientific literature has made manual synthesis and hypothesis generation increasingly impractical, introducing an essential bottleneck in the scientific discovery pipeline. While large language models (LLMs) have unprecedented capability to process and summarize textual knowledge…
Authors not listed
Despite the promise of self-driving laboratories to accelerate discovery, their widespread implementation is hindered by prohibitive cost and technical complexity. We introduce BrickSDLab, a fully functional self-driving lab platform built entirely from LEGO® components, designed to bridge this accessibility gap.…
Tianfan Jin, Brett M Savoie
Contemporary machine learning algorithms have largely succeeded in automating the development of mathematical models from data. Although this is a striking accomplishment, it leaves unaddressed the multitude of scenarios, especially across the chemical sciences and engineering, where deductive, rather than inductive…