27 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Takashi Omori, Go Fujimoto, Isao Yoshimura, Hiroshi Nitta + 1 more
'Masaji Ono'] BACKGROUND: In recent years, numerous reports demonstrating the relationship between an increase in the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and daily mortality have been released in the United States and Europe. There have been few studies that clearly characterize the short-term effects of…
T. G. Tenev, M.F. Horstemeyer
We propose that anomalous gravitational effects currently attributed to dark matter can alternatively be explained as a manifestation of the inherent structure of space at galactic length scales. Specifically, we show that the inherent curvature of space amplifies the gravity of ordinary matter such that the effect…
Grace M. Clements, Paul Camacho, Daniel C. Bowie, Kathy A. Low + 3 more
White matter (WM) microstructural health declines with increasing age, with evidence suggesting that improved cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) may mitigate this decline. Specifically, higher fit older adults tend to show preserved WM microstructural integrity compared to their lower fit counterparts. However, the extent…
Ewald Puchwein, Marco Baldi, Volker Springel
We present a new massively parallel code for N-body and cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of modified gravity models. The code employs a multigrid-accelerated Newton-Gauss-Seidel relaxation solver on an adaptive mesh to efficiently solve for perturbations in the scalar degree of freedom of the modified gravity…
Nicholas M. Vogt, Jack F. V. Hunt, Yue Ma, Carol A. Van Hulle + 9 more
The brain is the most cholesterol-rich organ and contains nearly a quarter of total body cholesterol. Within the brain, cholesterol exists in two primary pools-approximately 70% of brain cholesterol is found in myelin sheaths and the remainder is located in the cell membranes of neurons and astrocytes. Cholesterol is…
M.A. Infante, Y. Zhang, T. Brumback, S.A. Brown + 12 more
The age- and time-dependent effects of binge-drinking on adolescent brain development have not been well characterized even though binge drinking is a health crisis among adolescents. The impact of binge drinking on gray matter volume development was examined using longitudinal data from the National Consortium on…
Han Yang, Xixian Liu, Chenxi Hu, Yichi Zhou + 24 more
Accurate property characterization is a major bottleneck in materials design. While first-principles methods and task-specific machine-learning models have driven important progress, they remain fundamentally limited in scalability and generalizability across the vast space of structures and properties relevant to…
Antonio Enea Romano
For scalar perturbations the effective gravitational coupling can be locally negative, in regions with local dark energy under-densities. For adiabatic perturbations the effective gravitational coupling for scalar perturbations can be negative for phantom dark energy, providing an explanation for the observed structure…
Claire E. Sexton, Jill F. Betts, Andrea Dennis, Aiden Doherty + 8 more
'Paul Leeson' 'Cameron Holloway' "Erica Dall'Armellina" 'Anderson M. Winkler' 'Naiara Demnitz' 'Thomas Wassenaar' 'Helen Dawes' 'Heidi Johansen-Berg'] Title: Highlights 1. • Aerobic exercise has been proposed to improve cognitive health, via brain structure. 2. • 12-weeks of aerobic exercise did not change cognitive…
Ognyan Ivanov, Petar Todorov, Konstantin Simeonov, Ashok Vaseashta
In our ongoing investigations, we have studied a specific interaction between electromagnetic fields and matter – the so-called Electromagnetic echo effect (EMEE). It enables rapid and contactless investigations of gases, liquids and solids to be performed, since the signal generated as a result of the effect is quite…
Wenyan Bi, Jonathan Newport, Bei Xiao
We use force-feedback device and a game engine to measure the effects of material appearance on the perception of mass of virtual objects. We discover that the perceived mass is mainly determined by the ground-truth mass output by the force-feedback device. Different from the classic Material Weight Illusion (MWI)…
Daniël Bischoff van Heemskerck
Background Tests of special relativity have been conducted over the past century with increasing accuracy and none have showed violations of Lorentz invariance. In this paper we will examine whether these tests are together sufficient to rule out theories that violate observational symmetry. Methods A variant theory is…
Steen H. Hansen
When dark matter structures form and equilibrate they have to release a significant amount of energy in order to obey the virial theorem. Since dark matter is believed to be unable to radiate, this implies that some of the accreted dark matter particles must be ejected with high velocities. These ejected particles may…
J. Pinochet
One of the great mysteries of contemporary science is dark matter, an exotic substance of unknown nature that, in theory, makes up about 27% of the total mass-energy density of the universe, and which does not appear to emit, absorb, or reflect any kind of light, meaning that it is invisible and can only be detected…
Alan Aspuru-Guzik, Roland Lindh, Markus Reiher
To date, the program for the development of methods and models for atomistic and continuum simulation directed toward chemicals and materials has reached an incredible degree of sophistication and maturity. Currently, one can witness an increasingly rapid emergence of advances in computing, artificial intelligence, and…
Brenden Hamilton, Alejandro Strachan
Mechanical forces acting on atoms or molecular groups can alter chemical kinetics and decomposition paths. So called mechanochemistry has been proposed to influence a variety of processes, from the formation of prebiotic compounds during planetary collisions to the shock-induced initiation of explosives. It has also…
Alexandra C. Schmid, Huseyin Boyaci, Katja Doerschner
There is growing research interest in the neural mechanisms underlying the recognition of material categories and properties. This research field, however, is relatively recent and limited compared to investigations of the neural mechanisms underlying object and scene category recognition. Motion is particularly…
Megan A.K. Peters, Ling-Qi Zhang, Ladan Shams, Stephen Macknik
The material-weight illusion (MWI) is one example in a class of weight perception illusions that seem to defy principled explanation. In this illusion, when an observer lifts two objects of the same size and mass, but that appear to be made of different materials, the denser-looking (e.g., metal-look) object is…
Lorilei M. Alley, Alexandra C. Schmid, Katja Doerschner
Many objects that we encounter have ‘typical’ material qualities: spoons are hard, pillows are soft, and jell-O dessert is wobbly. Over a lifetime of experiences, strong associations between an object and its typical material properties may be formed, and these associations not only include how glossy, rough or pink an…
Authors not listed
Coupling molecules to the quantized radiation field inside an optical cavity creates a set of new photon-matter hybrid states, so-called polaritons. Recent experiments have demonstrated that molecular polaritons could lead to modifications of excited-state dynamics and spectroscopy, photochemistry, and ground-state…
D-M. Cabaret, T. Grandou, Ghislain-Marie Grange, Emmanuel Perrier
Energy is no doubt an intuitive concept. Following a previous analysis on the nature of elementary particles and associated elementary quantum fields, the peculiar status and role of energy is scrutinised further at elementary and larger scales. Energy's physical characterisation shows that it is a primordial component…
Raquel Lopez-Rios de Castro, Alejandro Santana-Bonilla, Robert M. Ziolek, Christian D. Lorenz
Molecular dynamics simulations have become an essential tool in the study of soft matter and biological macromolecules. The large amount of high-dimensional data produced by such simulations does not immediately elucidate the atomistic mechanisms that underlie complex materials and molecular processes. Analysis of…
Yu-Chen Wei, Liang-Yan Hsu
Richard Feynman stated that ‘The theory behind chemistry is quantum electrodynamics’. However, harnessing quantum-electrodynamic (QED) effects to modify chemical reactions is a grand challenge and currently has only been reported in experiments using cavities due to the limitation of strong light-matter coupling. In…
Paul Issartel, Florimond Guéniat, Sabine Coquillart, Mehdi Ammi
In mixed reality, real objects can be used to interact with virtual objects. However, unlike in the real world, real objects do not encounter any opposite reaction force when pushing against virtual objects. The lack of reaction force during manipulation prevents users from perceiving the mass of virtual objects.…
Authors not listed
A central challenge in water electrolysis lies with the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) where the formation of molecular oxygen (O₂) is hindered by the constraint of angular momentum conservation. While the reactants OH⁻ or H₂O are diamagnetic, the O₂ product has a paramagnetic triplet ground state, requiring a change…
Aristides Mairena, Carl Gutwin, Andy Cockburn
Emphasis effects are visual changes that make data elements distinct from their surroundings. Designers may use computational saliency models to predict how a viewer’s attention will be guided by a specific effect; however, although saliency models provide a foundational understanding of emphasis perception, they only…
Feifei Xu, Fengzhou Fang, Xiaodong Zhang
The side flow of material in nano cutting is one of the most important factors that deteriorate the machined surface quality. The effects of the crystallographic orientation, feed, and the cutting tool geometry, including tool edge radius, rake angle and inclination angle, on the side flow are investigated employing…