22 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Dheeraj S. Roy, Young-Gyun Park, Minyoung E. Kim, Ying Zhang + 11 more
Neuronal ensembles that hold specific memory (memory engrams) have been identified in the hippocampus, amygdala, or cortex. However, it has been hypothesized that engrams of a specific memory are distributed among multiple brain regions that are functionally connected, referred to as a unified engram complex. Here, we…
Daniel Szelogowski
Despite substantial research into the biological basis of memory, the precise mechanisms by which experiences are encoded, stored, and retrieved in the brain remain incompletely understood. A growing body of evidence supports the engram theory, which posits that sparse populations of neurons undergo lasting physical…
Priyanka Rao-Ruiz, Esther Visser, Miodrag Mitrić, August B. Smit + 1 more
'Michel C. van den Oever'] The ability to store and retrieve learned information over prolonged periods of time is an essential and intriguing property of the brain. Insight into the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie memory consolidation is of utmost importance for our understanding of memory persistence and how…
Kwok Yui Tony Yip, Johannes Gräff
A memory engram is thought to be the physical substrate of the memory trace within the brain, which is generally depicted as a neuronal ensemble activated by learning to fire together during encoding and retrieval. It has been postulated that engram cell ensembles are functionally interconnected across multiple brain…
ZHENG Zishuo
The hippocampus is key to memory encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. Previous work shows that neurons in the hippocampus fire in sequence to encode spatial information. The same group of cells will replay in memory consolidation, coupled with ripples, spindle, and slow waves. As for episodic memory, engram cells…
Andrew J. Larner, Maurizio Elia, Motohiro Okada
The differential diagnosis of acute-onset amnesia includes transient global amnesia (TGA), transient epileptic amnesia (TEA), and functional (or psychogenic) amnesia. The most common of these, TGA, is a rare but well-described condition characterised by a self-limited episode of dense anterograde amnesia with variable…
Dheeraj S. Roy, Young-Gyun Park, Sachie K. Ogawa, Jae H. Cho + 5 more
Neuronal ensembles that hold specific memory (memory engrams) have been identified in the hippocampus, amygdala, and cortex. It has been hypothesized that engrams for a specific memory are distributed among multiple brain regions that are functionally connected. Here, we report the hitherto most extensive engram map…
Axel Guskjolen, Mark S. Cembrowski
Tremendous strides have been made in our understanding of the neurobiological substrates of memory - the so-called memory “engram”. Here, we integrate recent progress in the engram field to illustrate how engram neurons transform across the “lifespan” of a memory - from initial memory encoding, to consolidation and…
Omid Miry, Jie Li, Lu Chen
More than a century after Richard Semon's theoretical proposal of the memory engram, technological advancements have finally enabled experimental access to engram cells and their functional contents. In this review, we summarize theories and their experimental support regarding hippocampal memory engram formation and…
Yifei Mao
The algorithm of brain learning and memory is still undetermined. The backpropagation algorithm of artificial neural networks was thought not suitable for brain cortex, and there is a lack of algorithm for memory engram. We designed a brain version of backpropagation algorithm, which are biologically plausible and…
Jea Kwon, Dong-Kyum Kim, Jiwon Kim, Yonghyun Kim + 2 more
Memory formation is fundamental to intelligence, yet whether deep neural networks preserve identifiable memory traces analogous to biological memory units remains an open question. This work introduces a geometric framework to identify such "AI engrams" by formalizing the neuroscientific criteria of specificity…
Runxi Cheng, Yuchen Guan, Yongxian Wei, Qianpu Sun + 6 more
Scaling conditional memory offers a promising way to increase language-model capacity, but existing methods such as Engram learn large memory tables from scratch during pre-training, making memory scaling expensive and sometimes ineffective. We propose Memory Grafting, a conditional memory scaling method that utilizes…
Mujun Kim, Boin Suh, Yire Jeong, Sunhoi So + 4 more
How memories are shaped by repeated experiences remains unclear. Reorganization of memory engram could underlie memory transformation. Here, by combining c-Fos-based engram cell tagging with optogenetics, spine imaging, and reactivation analyses in the dentate gyrus (DG) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), we…
Douglas Feitosa Tomé, Ying Zhang, Tomomi Aida, Sadra Sadeh + 2 more
Episodic memories are encoded by sparse populations of neurons activated during an experience.^1^ These neural ensembles constitute memory engrams that are both necessary and sufficient for inducing recall even long after memory acquisition.^2^ This suggests that following encoding, engrams are stabilized to reliably…
Sangjun Park, JinYeong Bak
Making neural networks remember over the long term has been a longstanding issue. Although several external memory techniques have been introduced, most focus on retaining recent information in the short term. Regardless of its importance, information tends to be fatefully forgotten over time. We present Memoria, a…
Livia Autore, James D. O’Leary, Clara Ortega-de San Luis, Tomás J. Ryan
Long-term memories are stored as stable configurations of neuronal ensembles, termed engrams. While investigation of engram cell properties and functionality in memory recall has been extensive, less is known about how engram cells are affected by forgetting. We describe a form of interference-based forgetting using an…
Yutang Ma, Kecheng Huang, Xikun Jiang, Zili Shao
Large Language Models (LLMs) store factual knowledge and domain-specific patterns implicitly in dense Transformer parameters, making knowledge expansion costly through pretraining, fine-tuning, retrieval augmentation, or longer contexts. Engram-style memory offers a compact hidden-state injection pathway, but existing…
Tom Willems, Konstantinos Zervas, Luzius Brogli, Finn Rabe + 2 more
For a long time, forgetting has been taken as the dissipation of the neural memory traces (engrams). However, recent engram research in mice suggests that the engrams of forgotten memories do persist. This raises the question of whether engrams underlying human episodic memories also persist despite forgetting? And do…
Daniel Szelogowski
Despite success across diverse tasks, current artificial recurrent network architectures rely primarily on implicit hidden-state memories, limiting their interpretability and ability to model long-range dependencies. In contrast, biological neural systems employ explicit, associative memory traces (i.e., engrams)…
James D. O’Leary, Rasmus Bruckner, Livia Autore, Tomás J. Ryan
Memories are stored as ensembles of engram neurons and their successful recall involves the reactivation of these cellular networks. While progress has been made in understanding the biology of engrams, significant gaps remain in connecting these cell ensembles with the process of forgetting. Here, we examine whether…
Jeff Guo, Philippe Schwaller
Sample efficiency is a fundamental challenge in de novo molecular design. Ideally, molecular generative models should learn to satisfy desired objectives under minimal oracle evaluations (computational prediction or wet-lab experiment). This problem becomes more apparent when using oracles that can provide increased…
Jeff Guo, Philippe Schwaller
Sample efficiency is a fundamental challenge in de novo molecular design. Ideally, molecular generative models should learn to satisfy desired objectives under minimal oracle evaluations (computational prediction or wet-lab experiment). This problem becomes more apparent when using oracles that can provide increased…