23 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Jiawei Zhang
As a follow-up tutorial article of [29], in this paper, we will introduce the basic compositional units of the human brain, which will further illustrate the cell-level bio-structure of the brain. On average, the human brain contains about 100 billion neurons and many more neuroglia which serve to support and protect…
Authors not listed
The nerve cell, or neuron, is the key player in the activity of the nervous system. It conveys information both electrically and chemically. Within the neuron itself, information is passed along through the movement of an electrical charge (i.e., impulse). The neuron has three main components: (1) the dendrites, thin…
Arpan R Mehta, Puja R Mehta, Stephen P Anderson, Barbara L H MacKinnon + 1 more
'Barbara L H MacKinnon' 'Alastair Compston'] ‘Neuron’ or ‘neurone’? While it is often assumed that these different spellings reflect usage of American versus British English, there are also inconsistencies within these cultural boundaries. Mehta et al. review historical, etymological and linguistic evidence concerning…
Seth R Taylor, Gabriel Santpere, Alexis Weinreb, Alec Barrett + 19 more
Nervous systems are constructed from a deep repertoire of neuron types but the underlying gene expression programs that specify individual neuron identities are poorly understood. To address this deficit, we have produced an expression profile of all 302 neurons of the C. elegans nervous system that matches the single…
Nir Katchinskiy, Helly R. Goez, Indrani Dutta, Roseline Godbout + 1 more
'Abdulhakem Y. Elezzabi'] Neuronal injury may cause an irreversible damage to cellular, organ and organism function. While preventing neural injury is ideal, it is not always possible. There are multiple etiologies for neuronal injury including trauma, infection, inflammation, immune mediated disorders, toxins and…
Yasemin M. Akay
Neurons are the functional units of the nervous system. They are responsible for carrying stimuli throughout the human body and help coordinate all of the necessary functions of life by using electrical and chemical signals. The nervous system regulates immunity and inflammation. Neuroinflammation is a key component of…
Thomas H. Gillespie, Shreejoy Tripathy, Mohameth François Sy, Maryann E. Martone + 1 more
The challenge of defining and cataloging the building blocks of the brain requires a standardized approach to naming neurons and organizing knowledge about their properties. The US Brain Initiative Cell Census Network, Human Cell Atlas, Blue Brain Project, and others are generating vast amounts of data and…
Seth R Taylor, Gabriel Santpere, Molly Reilly, Lori Glenwinkel + 15 more
A single neuron and its synapses define the fundamental structural motif of the brain but the underlying gene expression programs that specify individual neuron types are poorly understood. To address this question in a model organism, we have produced a gene expression profile of >90% of the individual neuron classes…
Данко Георгиев, Stefan K. Kolev, Eliahu Cohen, James F. Glazebrook
The electric activities of cortical pyramidal neurons are supported by structurally stable, morphologically complex axo-dendritic trees. Anatomical differences between axons and dendrites in regard to their length or caliber reflect the underlying functional specializations, for input or output of neural information…
Tina Schrödel, Robert Prevedel, Karin Aumayr, Manuel Zimmer + 1 more
'Alipasha Vaziri'] Recent efforts in neuroscience research seek to obtain detailed anatomical neuronal wiring maps as well as information on how neurons in these networks engage in dynamic activities. Although the entire connectivity map of the nervous system of C. elegans has been known for more than 25 years, this…
Romann M. Weber
In this paper, I examine what I refer to as the spike doctrine, which is the generally held belief in neuroscience that information in the brain is encoded by sequences of neural action potentials. I present the argument that specific neurochemicals, and not spikes, are the elementary units of information in the brain.…
Yuxiang Wu, Shang Wu, Xin Wang, Chengtian Lang + 3 more
'Quan Wen' 'Tianqi Xu'] Advanced volumetric imaging methods and genetically encoded activity indicators have permitted a comprehensive characterization of whole brain activity at single neuron resolution in Caenorhabditis elegans. The constant motion and deformation of the nematode nervous system, however, impose a…
JE Chung, KK Sellers, MK Leonard, L Gwilliams + 6 more
A fundamental unit of neural computation is the action potential. While significant advances have been made in the ability to sample action potentials of large numbers of individual neurons in animal models, translation of these methodologies to humans has been lacking due to clinical time constraints, electrical noise…
wenzhong liu, hualan li
Infection with the Zika virus results in severe neurological disease in adults or congenital Zika syndrome in newborns. We employed the domain search strategy to study the Zika virus glycoprotein E in this work. The results revealed that immature E contains a NGF domain…
David Kleinfeld, Oliver Griesbeck
A convergence of technical advancements in neuroscience has begun to transform mammalian electrophysiology from an art into a precise practice.
Honglei Liu, Daniel Bridges, Connor Randall, Sara A. Solla + 5 more
Understanding how neuronal signals propagate in local network is an important step in understanding information processing. As a result, spike trains recorded with Multi-electrode Arrays (MEAs) have been widely used to study behaviors of neural connections. Studying the dynamics of neuronal networks requires the…
Marco Brondi, Matteo Bruzzone, Claudia Lodovichi, Marco dal Maschio + 1 more
'H. Rheinallt Parri'] Investigating the neuronal dynamics supporting brain functions and understanding how the alterations in these mechanisms result in pathological conditions represents a fundamental challenge. Preclinical research on model organisms allows for a multiscale and multiparametric analysis in vivo of the…
Changjin Wan, Ning Liu, Ping Feng, Liqiang Zhu + 2 more
Neuron is the most important building block in our brain, and information processing in individual neuron involves the transformation of input synaptic spike trains into an appropriate output spike train. Hardware implementation of neuron by individual ionic/electronic coupled device is of great importance for…
Daniela Rana, Natalia Babushkina, Martina Gini, Alejandra Flores Cáceres + 9 more
Interfaces: Where Are We Standing? Authors: Daniela Rana, Natalia Babushkina, Martina Gini, Alejandra Flores Cáceres, Hangyu Li, Vanessa Maybeck, Valeria Criscuolo, Dirk Mayer, Marcello Ienca, Simon Musall, Viviana Rincon Montes, Andreas Offenhäusser, Francesca Santoro Neuromorphic interfaces represent a transformative…
Yu Shen
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Early screening is crucial to prevent potential damages, and researchers are exploring alternative approaches such as multiplexed assays and emerging technologies such as microfluidics, nanotechnology, and biosensors.…
Authors not listed
The ORCO odor co-receptors are homotetrameric membrane proteins present in the insect olfactory neurons, such as those in Anopheles sp., one of the main malarian vectors. For mosquitoes to detect specific chemicals, common ORCO are required to complex with individual hundreds of specific olfactory receptors (OR). The…
Authors not listed
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a key neurotransmitter involved in cognitive function, motor control, and synaptic modulation, yet its electrochemical inactivity and the rapid kinetics of exocytosis have hindered real-time quantal detection. Previous micrometer-scale enzymatic ACh biosensors enabled sub-millisecond…
Authors not listed
Despite its ubiquity in nature, some details of the animal olfactory system remain unclear. One such mystery is the mechanism by which olfactory receptors (ORs) recognize the olfactant molecules they bind to. Some evidence indicates that ORs can distinguish between molecules that differ only in isotopic composition…