21 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Marjorie E. Zettler, Andrzej Hellmann, Joanna Jakobkiewicz-Banecka, Jan Lica + 1 more
'Jan Lica' 'Alexandre Escargueil'] Title: Simple Summary The efficacy of cancer therapies for solid tumors can be determined by measuring tumor response in clinical trials. Previous studies have shown that investigator assessments of objective response rate (ORR) are prone to bias, detectable using a blinded…
Steven M Snapinn, Qi Jiang
Ideally, a clinical trial should be able to demonstrate not only a statistically significant improvement in the primary efficacy endpoint, but also that the magnitude of the effect is clinically relevant. One proposed approach to address this question is a responder analysis, in which a continuous primary efficacy…
Sangeeta Sharma
Sir, This is with reference to the comments on our article[1]. The limitation of the study is mentioned in the discussion. Similar experiences have been reported by other authors in this area[2-3] where a response rate ranging from 38%-70% was reported. We agree with the comments regarding generalization of findings…
Emma S. Stephenson, Kenneth Koltermann, Gang Zhou, Jennifer A. Stevens
'Jennifer A. Stevens'] Interoception is the perception of the body’s internal signals in response to various external and internal stimuli. The present study uses a novel method adapted from the CARdiac Elevation Detection Task to examine cardiac interoception objectively and subjectively in a unique context-in the…
Ji Ho Choi, Jae Yong Lee, Jaehyung Cha, Kangwoo Kim + 3 more
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the objective outcomes of oropharyngeal OSA surgery according to anatomical factors, and ultimately to generate predictive equation models for objective oropharyngeal OSA surgery outcomes in adults. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the largest single institution…
Jan Vollert, Nancy R. Cook, Ted J. Kaptchuk, Shiv T. Sehra + 2 more
Variability in the magnitude of clinical responses in the placebo arms of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) can result in effective drugs failing to reach the clinic. Placebo arms in RCTs are designed to control for the nonspecific effects of enrollment, including standard of care, regression to the mean, natural…
Marcus Orzabal, Ramo Naidu, Kasra Amirdelfan, Alireza Akhbardeh + 1 more
'Lisa Goudman'] Chronic pain impacts one in five Americans and is difficult to manage, costing ~USD 600 billion annually. The subjective experience of pain is a complex processing of central nervous system input. Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging revealed the prefrontal cortex as vital to the perception of…
Authors not listed
The value of generative artificial intelligence (AI) for teaching and learning is currently hotly debated. Concerns regarding the accuracy of information produced by generative AI as well as student over-reliance on this tool coexist with excitement about tailored opportunities that AI may provide for educational…
Esther Bosch, Robin Welsch, Tamim Ayach, Christopher Katins + 1 more
We conducted a study in which participants were presented with various narratives about display refresh rates while performing a reaction time task. Without the participants' knowledge, the refresh rates they were told differed from those used in reality. Although there were noteworthy variations in participants'…
Haoxiang Wang, Wei Xiong, Tengyang Xie, Han Zhao + 1 more
Mixture-of-Experts Authors: ['Haoxiang Wang' 'Wei Xiong' 'Tengyang Xie' 'Han Zhao' 'Tong Zhang'] Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as the primary method for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. The RLHF process typically starts by training a reward model (RM) using…
Jacob T. Bonafiglia, Matthew W. Nelms, Nicholas Preobrazenski, Camille LeBlanc + 5 more
'Camille LeBlanc' 'Lauren Robins' 'Simo Lu' 'Alexander Lithopoulos' 'Jeremy J. Walsh' 'Brendon J. Gurd'] Title: Abstract We examined maximal oxygen consumption responses following exercise training to demonstrate the limitations associated with threshold-based dichotomous classification of responders and non-responders…
Séamas Weech, Sophie Kenny, Claudia Martin Calderon, Michael Barnett-Cowan
Large-field optic flow generates the illusory percept of self-motion, termed ‘vection’. Smoother visual motion displays generate a more compelling subjective sense of vection and objective postural responses, as well as a greater sense of immersiveness for the user observing the visual display. Research suggests that…
Rik Ghosh, Bibhas Chakraborty, Inbal Nahum‐Shani, Megan E. Patrick + 1 more
'Palash Ghosh'] In a sequential multiple-assignment randomized trial (SMART), a sequence of treatments is given to a patient over multiple stages. In each stage, randomization may be done to allocate patients to different treatment groups. Even though SMART designs are getting popular among clinical researchers, the…
Alexis Olsho, Suzanne White Brahmia, Trevor I. Smith, Charlotte Zimmerman + 2 more
'Charlotte Zimmerman' 'Andrew Boudreaux' 'Philip Eaton'] We are developing a new research based assessment (RBA) focused on quantitative reasoning—rather than conceptual understanding—in physics contexts. We rapidly moved administration of the RBA online in Spring 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We present our…
Paul Morris, Cory Simon
In many gas sensing tasks, we simply wish to become aware of gas compositions that deviate from normal, "business-as-usual" conditions. We provide a methodology, illustrated by example, to computationally predict the performance of a gas sensor array design for detecting anomalous gas compositions. Specifically, we…
Riley Hickman, Malcolm Sim, Sergio Pablo-García, Ivan Woolhouse + 6 more
Self-driving laboratories (SDLs) are next-generation research and development platforms for closed-loop, autonomous experimentation that combine ideas from artificial intelligence, robotics, and high-performance computing. A critical component of SDLs is the decision-making algorithm used to prioritize experiments to…
Rebecca A. Kozak, Aaron L. Cecala, Brian D. Corneil
To reach towards a seen object, visual information has to be transformed into motor commands. Visual information such as the object’s colour, shape, and size is processed and integrated within numerous brain areas, then ultimately relayed to the motor periphery. In some instances we must react as fast as possible.…
Marta Siedlecka, Marcin Koculak, Borysław Paulewicz
Each of our decisions is associated with a degree of confidence. This confidence can change once we have acted as we might start doubting our choice or even become convinced that we made a mistake. In this study, we explore the relations between action and our confidence that our decision was correct or erroneous.…
Riley Hickman, Priyansh Parakh, Austin Cheng, Qianxiang Ai + 3 more
Experiment planning algorithms are a required component of autonomous platforms for scientific discovery. Selecting a suitable optimization algorithm for a novel application is an important yet difficult choice a researcher has to make based on past empirical performance on similar tasks. To facilitate the evaluation…
Tyler J Adkins, Han Zhang, Taraz G Lee
Humans tend to slow down after making an error. A longstanding account of this post-error slowing is that people are simply more cautious. However, accuracy typically does not improve following an error leading some researchers to suggest that an initial ‘orienting’ response may initially impair performance immediately…
Deepa Issar, Emily E. Skog, Madison R. Grigg, Jana M. Kainerstorfer + 1 more
Reaction time is a measure of the speed of our response to stimuli in the environment. Even for a well-trained task, a subject’s reaction time varies. One source of this variability is internal state fluctuations (such as changes in arousal). There are few studies that systematically quantify the extent to which…