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Search · four archives
25 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Jesús Galán López, Leo A. I. Kestens
Grain size distribution and orientation distribution functions are combined in a single multivariate continuous grain size orientation distribution function (GSODF). Several examples of practical applications to low carbon steels are presented, in which it is shown how the GSODF can be used in the analysis of 2D and 3D…
James Matuk, Oksana Chkrebtii, Stephen R. Niezgoda
Polycrystalline materials, such as metals, are comprised of heterogeneously oriented crystals. Observed crystal orientations are modelled as a sample from an orientation distribution function (ODF), which determines a variety of material properties and is therefore of great interest to practitioners. Observations…
Marc De Graef, A. H. Liu
A new 2D representation of 3D material textures based on the Clifford torus is presented.
Saman Monjezi, James D. Jones, Alyssa K. Nelson, Joontaek Park
We performed a numerical analysis to study the orientation distribution of a dilute suspension of thin, rigid, rod-like nanoparticles under shearing flow near a solid boundary of weak confinement. Brownian dynamics simulation of a rod was performed under various ratios of shear rate and rod diffusivity (Peclet number)…
Philipp A. Kloza, James A. Elliott
We show that the projection of an axisymmetric three-dimensional orientation distribution to two dimensions can be cast into an Abel transform. Based on this correspondence, we derive an exact integral inverse, which allows for the quantification of three-dimensional uniaxial alignment of rodlike units from…
Sadra Sadeh, Stefan Rotter, Thomas Wennekers
Neurons in the primary visual cortex are more or less selective for the orientation of a light bar used for stimulation. A broad distribution of individual grades of orientation selectivity has in fact been reported in all species. A possible reason for emergence of broad distributions is the recurrent network within…
Stephen R. Niezgoda, Eric A. Magnuson, Jared Glover
The quaternion Bingham distribution has been used to model preferred crystallographic orientation, or crystallographic texture, in polycrystalline materials in the materials science and geological communities. A primary difficulty in applying the Bingham distribution has been the lack of an efficient method for fitting…
Richard Mandle
The cylindrical distribution function (CDF) is a convenient anisotropic analogue of the radial distribution function, the difference being the use of cylindrical shells for binning. As such, CDF analysis can be a powerful tool for the analysis of positional correlations within anisotropic systems, such as liquid…
Madeline Harper, Uma Nudurupati, Riley Workman, Taras Lakoba + 2 more
Using amylin(20-29) as a model system, we demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy can be used to determine the molecular structure of amyloid fibrils. We use polarized Raman spectroscopy measurements and the conformationally-sensitive Amide III3 mode to determine the distributions of peptide backbone amide C=O and CN bond…
João P. de Almeida Martins, Chantal M. W. Tax, Alexis Reymbaut, Filip Szczepankiewicz + 2 more
Diffusion MRI techniques are widely used to study in vivo changes in the human brain connectome. However, to resolve and characterise white matter fibres in heterogeneous diffusion MRI voxels remains a challenging problem typically approached with signal models that rely on prior information and restrictive…
Sadra Sadeh, Stefan Rotter
Neurons in the primary visual cortex are more or less selective for the orientation of a light bar used for stimulation. A broad distribution of individual grades of orientation selectivity has in fact been reported in all species. A possible reason for emergence of broad distributions is the recurrent network within…
Igor Gilitschenski, Gerhard Kurz, Simon Julier, Uwe D. Hanebeck
Orientation estimation for 3D objects is a common problem that is usually tackled with traditional nonlinear filtering techniques such as the extended Kalman filter (EKF) or the unscented Kalman filter (UKF). Most of these techniques assume Gaussian distributions to account for system noise and uncertain measurements.…
P. C. Lopez-Custodio
The need for statistical models of orientations arises in many applications in engineering and computer science. Orientational data appear as sets of angles, unit vectors, rotation matrices or quaternions. In the field of directional statistics, a lot of advances have been made in modelling such types of data. However…
Richard Leadbeater, Timothy Ledgeway, Paul McGraw
Prior experience shapes both visual perception and its underlying neural circuits. This is exemplified by the oblique effect – a strong perceptual advantage for cardinal (horizontal/vertical) over oblique orientations – which reflects how the brain adapts to statistical regularities in the natural environment. It…
Margaret Henderson, John Serences
Visual acuity is better for vertical and horizontal compared to other orientations. This cross-species phenomenon is often explained by “efficient coding”, whereby more neurons show sharper tuning for the orientations most common in natural vision. However, it is unclear if experience alone can account for such biases.…
Andrey Chetverikov, Janneke F.M. Jehee
How do humans infer motion direction from noisy sensory signals? We hypothesized that motion direction is computed not only from velocity but also spatial orientation signals – a ‘streak’ created by moving objects. We implemented this hypothesis in a Bayesian model, which quantifies knowledge with probability…
Authors not listed
When producing plant-protein-based meat analogues via high moisture extrusion (HME), the structure of extrudates is determined by complex interactions between ingredient composition and processing conditions. To facilitate consumers in their transition towards a diet higher in plant-based proteins, the food industry…
Erika E. Rodriguez-Torres, Jorge Viveros-Rogel, Kenia López-García, Enrique Vázquez-Mendoza + 3 more
'Enrique Vázquez-Mendoza' 'Gonzalo Chávez-Fragoso' 'Salvador Quiroz-González' 'Ismael Jiménez-Estrada'] Fiber type composition, organization, and distribution are key elements in muscle functioning. These properties can be modified by intrinsic and/or extrinsic factors, such as undernutrition and injuries. Currently…
Florian H. Hodel, John R. Fieberg
The R package cylcop extends the copula package to allow modeling of correlated circular-linear random variables using copulae that are symmetric in the circular dimension. We present and derive several new circular-linear copulae with this property and demonstrate how they can be implemented in the cylcop package to…
Najmeh Nakhaei Rad, Andriette Bekker, Mohammad Arashi, Christophe Ley
'Christophe Ley'] This paper presents Bayesian directional data modeling via the skew-rotationally-symmetric Fisher-von Mises-Langevin (FvML) distribution. The prior distributions for the parameters are a pivotal building block in Bayesian analysis, therefore, the impact of the proposed priors will be quantified using…
Authors not listed
Controlling the surface orientation of DNA origami is crucial for applications in nanotechnology and materials science. While previous work utilized various DNA origami modifications, simple methods for controlling their landing orientation remain scarce. Here, we demonstrate a straightforward approach to control the…
Shogo Kato, Kassel L. Hingee, Janice L. Scealy, Andrew T. A. Wood
We propose a regression model in which the responses are spherical variables and the covariates include linear and/or spherical variables. A novel link function is introduced by extending the Möbius transformation on the sphere. This link function is an anisotropic mapping that enables scale control along each axis of…
Guandong Wang, David Alais
Orientation perception is one of the most fundamental aspects of somatosensory perception, similar to its visual counterpart. In the current study, we examined several features of tactile orientation perception and their interactions, aiming to better understand the underlying mechanisms. We found that active…
Ryosuke Niimi, Katsumi Watanabe, Maurice Ptito
We investigated the effect of background scene on the human visual perception of depth orientation (i.e., azimuth angle) of three-dimensional common objects. Participants evaluated the depth orientation of objects. The objects were surrounded by scenes with an apparent axis of the global reference frame, such as a…
Taylor Parsons, Ty Balduf, Marco Caricato
In this work, we explore the issue of origin dependence in optical rotation (OR) calculations in the length dipole gauge (LG) using standard approximate methods belonging to density functional theory (DFT) and coupled cluster (CC) theory. We use the origin-invariant LG approach, LG(OI), that we recently proposed as…