23 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Mark Mazurek, Marisa Kager, Stephen D. Van Hooser
Neurons in the visual cortex of all examined mammals exhibit orientation or direction tuning. New imaging techniques are allowing the circuit mechanisms underlying orientation and direction selectivity to be studied with clarity that was not possible a decade ago. However, these new techniques bring new challenges…
Paride Antinucci, Robert Hindges
Visual information is already processed in the retina before it is transmitted to higher visual centers in the brain. This includes the extraction of salient features from visual scenes, such as motion directionality or contrast, through neurons belonging to distinct neural circuits. Some retinal neurons are tuned to…
Priti Gupta, C. M. Markan
The biggest challenge that the neuromorphic community faces today is to build systems that can be considered truly cognitive. Adaptation and self-organization are the two basic principles that underlie any cognitive function that the brain performs. If we can replicate this behavior in hardware, we move a step closer…
Dominic J. Vita, Fernanda S. Orsi, Nathan G. Stanko, Natalie A. Clark + 1 more
Orientation or axial selectivity, the property of neurons in the visual system to respond preferentially to certain angles of a visual stimuli, plays a pivotal role in our understanding of visual perception and information processing. This computation is performed as early as the retina, and although much work has…
J.J. Pattadkal, G. Mato, C. van Vreeswijk, N. J. Priebe + 1 more
We study the connectivity principles underlying the emergence of orientation selectivity in primary visual cortex (V1) of mammals lacking an orientation map. We present a computational model in which random connectivity gives rise to orientation selectivity that matches experimental observations. It predicts that mouse…
Bin Li, Yuki Todo, Zheng Tang, Jie Cao
Stereo-orientation selectivity is a fundamental neural mechanism in the brain that plays a crucial role in perception. However, due to the recognition process of high-dimensional spatial information commonly occurring in high-order cortex, we still know little about the mechanisms underlying stereo-orientation…
Dominic J. Vita, Fernanda S. Orsi, Nathan G. Stanko, Natalie A. Clark + 1 more
'Natalie A. Clark' 'Alexandre Tiriac'] Orientation or axial selectivity, the property of neurons in the visual system to respond preferentially to certain angles of visual stimuli, plays a pivotal role in our understanding of visual perception and information processing. This computation is performed as early as the…
Tony Lindeberg
This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the orientation selectivity of simple and complex cells that can be well modelled by the generalized Gaussian derivative model for visual receptive fields, with the purely spatial component of the receptive fields determined by oriented affine Gaussian derivatives for…
Nooshin Bahador
This study explored whether Vision Transformers (ViTs) developed orientation and color biases similar to those observed in the human brain. Using synthetic datasets with controlled variations in noise levels, angles, lengths, widths, and colors, we analyzed the behavior of ViTs fine-tuned with LoRA. Our findings…
Tony Lindeberg
quadrature models of complex cells Authors: ['Tony Lindeberg'] Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the orientation selectivity properties of idealized models of complex cells in terms of affine quasi quadrature measures, which combine the responses of idealized models of simple cells in terms of affine Gaussian…
Hugo J. Ladret, Nelson Cortes, Lamyae Ikan, Frédéric Chavane + 2 more
In our daily visual environment, the primary visual cortex (V1) processes distributions of oriented features as the basis of our visual computations. Changes of the global, median orientation of such inputs form the basis of our canonical knowledge about V1. However, another overlooked but defining characteristic of…
Tony Lindeberg
over the degree of elongation of the receptive fields? Authors: ['Tony Lindeberg'] Abstract This paper presents the results of combining (i) theoretical analysis regarding connections between the orientation selectivity and the elongation of receptive fields for the affine Gaussian derivative model with (ii) biological…
D. Pomeroy, Yenni Tjandra, Konstantin Mergenthaler, Jeremy Petravicz + 4 more
'Caroline A. Runyan' 'Nathan R. Wilson' 'Mriganka Sur' 'Klaus Obermayer'] Primary visual cortex (V1) provides crucial insights into the selectivity and emergence of specific output features such as orientation tuning. Tuning and selectivity of cortical neurons in mouse visual cortex is not equivocally resolved so far.…
Dimitrios D. Laniado, Yariv Maron, John A. Gemmer, Shai Sabbah
Selectivity to orientations of edges is seen at the earliest stages of visual processing, in retinal orientation-selective ganglion cells (OSGCs), thought to prefer vertical or horizontal orientation. However, as stationary edges are projected on the hemispherical retina as lines of longitude or latitude, how edge…
Richard Leadbeater, Timothy Ledgeway, Paul McGraw
Prior experience shapes both visual perception and its underlying neural circuits. This is exemplified by the oblique effect – a strong perceptual advantage for cardinal (horizontal/vertical) over oblique orientations – which reflects how the brain adapts to statistical regularities in the natural environment. It…
Yan Chen, Zhe-Xin Xu
Visual search in natural environments involves numerous objects, each composed of countless features. Despite this complexity, our brain efficiently locates targets. Here, we propose that an internal reference frame facilitates real-world visual search. Objects in natural scenes often appear in orientations perceived…
Belinda Boehm, David Huang
From classical molecular dynamics simulations, we identify a simple and general predictor of molecular orientation at solid and vapour interfaces of isotropic fluids of disk-like anisotropic particles based on their shape and interaction anisotropy. For a wide variety of inter-particle interactions, temperatures, and…
Authors not listed
Controlling the surface orientation of DNA origami is crucial for applications in nanotechnology and materials science. While previous work utilized various DNA origami modifications, simple methods for controlling their landing orientation remain scarce. Here, we demonstrate a straightforward approach to control the…
Andrea Savoini, Peter Gallagher, Abed Saady, John Maynard + 2 more
Mechanical stereochemistry arises when the interlocking of stereochemically trivial covalent subcomponents results in a stereochemical complex object. Although this general concept was identified in 1961, the stereochemical description of these molecules is still under development, with new mechanical stereoisomers…
Guowei Li, Qun Yang, Kaustuv Manna, Yang Zhang + 4 more
Heterogeneous processes for enantiomeric processes based on inorganic crystals have been a topic of resurgent interest. However, it remains a challenge to answer the question of what the driving forces for the emergence of homochirality in nature and chemical reactions are. Here, we propose one possible driver of…
ABHIK PAUL, Subhadip Roy
Chirality is a widespread structural characteristic found in nature and plays a vital role in the structure and functioning of almost all biological systems. Nevertheless, the translation of chirality into synthetic systems is highly intricate, yet captivating, as it not only applies fundamental understanding but also…
Marc H. Garner, Clemence Corminboeuf
Electrohelicity arises in molecules such as allene and spiropentadiene when their symmetry is reduced and helical frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) appear. Such molecules are optically active and electrohelicity has been suggested as a possible design principle for increasing the chiroptical response. Here we examine…
Authors not listed
Symmetry is an important factor in material design. Generally, it is difficult to quantitively discuss symmetry-property relations. Two materials only with symmetry differences are requisite to verify whether polar or nonpolar chiral systems are advantageous for a specific property/phenomenon, such as chirality-induced…