24 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Lajos Rózsa, József Garay
Symbiosis is an ecological relationship realized through a direct body-to-body interaction between individuals of separate species, including mutualism and parasitism. Accordingly, intraspecies exploitative interactions do not qualify as parasitism. The dwarf males of the deep-sea anglerfish (Ceratioidei) obtain…
Marco A. Juarez-Estrada, Danielle Graham, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
'Guillermo Tellez-Isaias'] Parasitism is a tight association between species in which one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside the host, causing it harm, and is structurally adapted to this way of life (1). Until the twenty-first century, parasitism was studied by parasitologists, rather than ecologists or…
Mark Viney
Nematodes are very common animals and they have repeatedly evolved parasitic lifestyles during their evolutionary history. Recently, the genomes of many nematodes, especially parasitic species, have been determined, potentially giving an insight into the genetic and genomic basis of nematodes’ parasitism. But, to…
Marcos A. Vannier-Santos, Henrique L. Lenzi
This paper presents many types of interplays between parasites and the host, showing the history of parasites, the effects of parasites on the outcome of wars, invasions, migrations, and on the development of numerous regions of the globe, and the impact of parasitic diseases on the society and on the course of human…
Aurélie Jeantet, Fabienne Audebert, Simon Agostini, Beatriz Decencière + 5 more
Within a host, parasites form a community and interact with each another. They can interact directly through competition for space or indirectly through competition for resources, or even via the host’s immune response. These interactions can influence infection patterns within the host. In particular, helminths are…
Yun Kang, Jennifer H. Fewell
Host-parasite co-evolution can have profound impacts on a wide range of ecological and evolutionary processes, including population dynamics, the maintenance of genetic diversity, and the evolution of recombination. To examine the co-evolution of quantitative traits in hosts and parasites, we present and study a…
Colin J. Carlson, Oliver C. Muellerklein, Anna J. Phillips, Kevin R. Burgio + 11 more
Parasite conservation is a rapidly growing field at the intersection of ecology, epidemiology, parasitology, and public health. The overwhelming diversity of parasitic life on earth, and recent work showing that parasites and other symbionts face severe extinction risk, necessitates infrastructure for parasite…
Ofir Hirshberg, Frida Ben-Ami
In freshwater communities, organisms interact in a variety of ways, including predation, competition and parasitism. Parasites are ubiquitous, playing an important role in shaping freshwater communities. Endoparasites live within internal organs of their host, while ectoparasites, also known as epibionts, are confined…
Timothy M. Brown, Alison M. Dunn, Rupert J. Quinnell, Ellen Clarke + 2 more
'Andrew A. Cunningham' 'Simon J. Goodman'] Title: Abstract Parasites represent a significant proportion of Earth's biodiversity and play important roles in the ecology and biology of ecosystems and hosts, making them an important target for conservation. Despite increasing calls to prioritize protection for parasites…
Donald A. Windsor
Conservation of parasites had a slow beginning, [3], [4] but is now a thriving trend, [1]. However, I worry that many biologists who are willing to conserve parasites may change their minds when they find out how nasty some parasites are. Consequently, it is critical that conservationists realize that there are two…
Benjamin Drinkwater, Angela Qiao, Michael Charleston
— Traditionally, studies of coevolving systems have considered cases where a parasite may inhabit only a single host. The case where a parasite may infect many hosts, widespread parasitism, has until recently gained little traction. This is due in part to the computational complexity involved in reconstructing the…
Wojciech Mazurczyk, Szymon M. Drobniak, Sean Moore
—Current network security systems are progressively showing their limitations. One credible estimate is that only about 45% of new threats are detected. Therefore it is vital to find a new direction that cybersecurity development should follow. We argue that the next generation of cybersecurity systems should seek…
Fernando Melara Barahona, Edith Simpson, Ann T. Tate
Parasites play an outsized role in mediating the persistence and stability of host populations. Flour beetles (Tribolium spp.) have long served as classic examples of population dynamics under both disease-free and infected conditions, with elegant combinations of theory and experiments demonstrating, for example, that…
Camilla Håkonsrud Jensen, Jacqueline Weidner, Jarl Giske, Christian Jørgensen + 2 more
Using a dynamic optimisation model for juvenile fish in stochastic food environments, we investigate optimal hormonal regulation, energy allocation and foraging behaviour of a growing host infected by a parasite that only incurs an energetic cost. We find it optimal for the infected host to have higher levels of…
Maeva A. Techer, Rahul V. Rane, Miguel L. Grau, John M. K. Roberts + 5 more
Multispecies host-parasite evolution is common, but how parasites evolve after speciating remains poorly understood. Shared evolutionary history and physiology may propel species along similar evolutionary trajectories whereas pursuing different strategies can reduce competition. We test these scenarios in the…
Sarah Bengston, Anna Dornhaus, Christian Rabeling
Social parasitism, where one social species parasitically depends on the other for survival and reproduction, is a highly successful life history strategy, especially in the eusocial Hymenoptera. In ants alone, more 400 species of socially parasitic species exist and multiple forms of social parasitism evolved…
Tanisha Moons, Nikol Kmentová, Antoine Pariselle, Tom Artois + 3 more
Owing to the largely unexplored diversity of metazoan parasites, their speciation mechanisms and the circumstances under which such speciation occurs—in allopatry or sympatry—remain vastly understudied. Cichlids and their monogenean flatworm parasites have previously served as study system for macroevolutionary…
Kathryn J. Montovan, Christelle Couchoux, Laura Jones, H. Kern Reeve + 1 more
'Saskya van Nouhuys'] When there is conspicuous under-exploitation of a limited resource it is worth asking, what mechanisms allow presumably valuable resources to be left unused? Evolutionary biologists have generated a wide range of hypotheses to explain this, ranging from interdemic group selection to selfishly…
Kelsey Marcinko, Mark Kot
We present a systematic comparison and analysis of four discrete-time, host– parasitoid models. For each model, we specify that density-dependent effects occur prior to parasitism in the life cycle of the host. We compare density-dependent growth functions arising from the Beverton–Holt and Ricker maps, as well as…
Authors not listed
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of infectious diseases that affect impoverished regions and remain under-researched due to their limited presence on the global health agenda. One such disease is schistosomiasis, caused by the parasite Schistosoma mansoni. To identify potential new treatments for…
Dmitry Malyshev, Tobias Dahlberg, Rasmus Öberg, Lars Landström + 1 more
Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite and among the most infectious diarrhea-causing pathogens, leading to severe health problems for malnourished children and immunocompromised individuals. Outbreaks are common even in developed countries, originating from water or food contamination and resulting in…
Authors not listed
Neglected tropical diseases caused by trypanosomatid parasites such as Leishmania, Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi present a major public healthcare issue due in part to emerging resistance. Exploring multiple targeting ligands, conjugates composed of analogs from the ribosomal inhibitor anisomycin and…
Authors not listed
Insect-associated fungi are prolific producers of peptidic natural products with potent biological activities. Paraisaria is a genus of insect-pathogenic fungi (Family Ophiocordycipitaceae) in the Order Hypocreales, which also includes other Cordyceps-like fungi. Such fungi are increasingly used as functional foods and…
Authors not listed
Heterotrophic protists can be considered the dark matter of microbial communities in engineered water systems. They are ubiquitous and ecologically significant, yet remain largely overlooked. Although a growing body of research demonstrates their pivotal roles (e.g., predation, symbiosis, and nutrient cycling) in…