23 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Lajos Rózsa, József Garay
Symbiosis is an ecological relationship realized through a direct body-to-body interaction between individuals of separate species, including mutualism and parasitism. Accordingly, intraspecies exploitative interactions do not qualify as parasitism. The dwarf males of the deep-sea anglerfish (Ceratioidei) obtain…
Marco A. Juarez-Estrada, Danielle Graham, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
'Guillermo Tellez-Isaias'] Parasitism is a tight association between species in which one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside the host, causing it harm, and is structurally adapted to this way of life (1). Until the twenty-first century, parasitism was studied by parasitologists, rather than ecologists or…
Tyler J Firkus, Frederick W Goetz, Gregory Fischer, Cheryl A Murphy
The energetic demands of stressors like parasitism require hosts to reallocate energy away from normal physiological processes to survive. Life history theory provides predictions about how hosts will reallocate energy following parasitism, but few studies provide empirical evidence to test these predictions. We…
Aurélie Jeantet, Fabienne Audebert, Simon Agostini, Beatriz Decencière + 5 more
Within a host, parasites form a community and interact with each another. They can interact directly through competition for space or indirectly through competition for resources, or even via the host’s immune response. These interactions can influence infection patterns within the host. In particular, helminths are…
Kim Valenta, Nicholas Grebe, Thomas Kelly, Jennifer W. Applebaum + 6 more
Parasitism is one of the key, structural, interspecific interactions in ecology. One remarkable parasitic strategy that has been documented in multiple systems is the behavioral manipulation of hosts to increase parasite fitness. While not yet documented in humans, we propose that a ubiquitous zoonotic parasite –…
Ofir Hirshberg, Frida Ben-Ami
In freshwater communities, organisms interact in a variety of ways, including predation, competition and parasitism. Parasites are ubiquitous, playing an important role in shaping freshwater communities. Endoparasites live within internal organs of their host, while ectoparasites, also known as epibionts, are confined…
Alexei V. Tchesunov, Olga V. Nikolaeva, Leonid Yu. Rusin, Nadezda P. Sanamyan + 12 more
Nematodes (roundworms) are ubiquitous animals commonly dominating in ecological communities and networks, with many parasites and pathogen vectors of great economic and medical significance. Nematode parasites are remarkably diverse in life strategies and adaptations at a great range of hosts and dimension scales, from…
Paul M. Airs
Pelodera (A. Schneider, 1866) is a Clade V nematode genus of the Rhabditidae family and close relative of Caenorhabditis elegans. The genus comprises 26 species poised between free-living, commensal, and parasitic lifestyles, as well as species with underappreciated roles in soil nutrient cycling. Pelodera…
Adam Z. Hasik, Daniela de Angeli Dutra, Jean‐François Doherty, Meghan A. Duffy + 2 more
'Meghan A. Duffy' 'Robert Poulin' 'Adam M. Siepielski'] Title: Abstract Despite the ubiquitous nature of parasitism, how parasitism alters the outcome of host-species interactions such as competition, mutualism and predation remains unknown. Using a phylogenetically informed meta-analysis of 154 studies, we examined…
Pauline C. Thomé, Justyna Wolinska, Silke Van Den Wyngaert, Albert Reñé + 6 more
Parasitism is the most common lifestyle on Earth and has emerged many times independently across the eukaryotic tree of life. It is frequently found among chytrids (Chytridiomycota), which are early-branching unicellular fungi that feed osmotrophically via rhizoids as saprotrophs or parasites. Chytrids are abundant in…
Camilla Håkonsrud Jensen, Jacqueline Weidner, Jarl Giske, Christian Jørgensen + 2 more
Using a dynamic optimisation model for juvenile fish in stochastic food environments, we investigate optimal hormonal regulation, energy allocation and foraging behaviour of a growing host infected by a parasite that only incurs an energetic cost. We find it optimal for the infected host to have higher levels of…
Sarah Bengston, Anna Dornhaus, Christian Rabeling
Social parasitism, where one social species parasitically depends on the other for survival and reproduction, is a highly successful life history strategy, especially in the eusocial Hymenoptera. In ants alone, more 400 species of socially parasitic species exist and multiple forms of social parasitism evolved…
Gonzalo Maximiliano Lopez, Juan Pablo Aparicio
While previous studies have commonly assumed Poisson and negative binomial distributions to describe the distribution of parasites among hosts, this study adopts an arbitrary distribution model and examines its consequences on some reproductive variables. These variables include mean number of fertile females, mean egg…
Takuma Niida, Izumi Yao, Tomoyosi Nisimura, Seizi Suzuki
Intraspecific brood parasitism (IBP), where a parasitic female lays eggs in the nest of another female of the same species, occurs in insects and birds. Also, quasi-parasitism (QP), where a parasitic female copulates with a host male at his nest and lays eggs that are fertilized by the male, has been documented in a…
Gabriel Rodrigues Palma, Renato Mendes Coutinho, Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy, Fernando L. Cônsoli + 1 more
'Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy' 'Fernando L. Cônsoli' 'R. A. Kraenkel'] Many studies have shown that the protection of the host Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera, Aphididae) against the parasitoid Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) is conferred by the interaction between the secondary endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa…
Luís F. Seoane, Ricard V. Solé
Why are living systems complex? Why does the biosphere contain living beings with complexity features beyond those of the simplest replicators? What kind of evolutionary pressures result in more complex life forms? These are key questions that pervade the problem of how complexity arises in evolution. One particular…
Idemauro Antônio Rodrigues de Lara, Gabriel Rodrigues Palma, Victor José Bon, Carolina Reigada + 1 more
'Victor José Bon' 'Carolina Reigada' 'Rafael de Andrade Moral'] Competition between parasitoids can reduce the success of pest control in biological programs using two species as bio-control agents or when multiple species exploit the same host crop. Parasitoid foraging behavior and the ability to identify already…
Dmitry Malyshev, Tobias Dahlberg, Rasmus Öberg, Lars Landström + 1 more
Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite and among the most infectious diarrhea-causing pathogens, leading to severe health problems for malnourished children and immunocompromised individuals. Outbreaks are common even in developed countries, originating from water or food contamination and resulting in…
Jun Chen, Jordy O. Rodriguez Rincon, Gloria DeGrandi‐Hoffman, Jennifer H. Fewell + 2 more
'Jennifer H. Fewell' 'Jon F. Harrison' 'Yun Chan Kang'] Abstract The honeybee plays an extremely important role in ecosystem stability and diversity and in the production of bee pollinated crops. Honey bees and other pollinators are under threat from the combined effects of nutritional stress, parasitism, pesticides…
Authors not listed
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of infectious diseases that affect impoverished regions and remain under-researched due to their limited presence on the global health agenda. One such disease is schistosomiasis, caused by the parasite Schistosoma mansoni. To identify potential new treatments for…
Authors not listed
Neglected tropical diseases caused by trypanosomatid parasites such as Leishmania, Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi present a major public healthcare issue due in part to emerging resistance. Exploring multiple targeting ligands, conjugates composed of analogs from the ribosomal inhibitor anisomycin and…
Authors not listed
Insect-associated fungi are prolific producers of peptidic natural products with potent biological activities. Paraisaria is a genus of insect-pathogenic fungi (Family Ophiocordycipitaceae) in the Order Hypocreales, which also includes other Cordyceps-like fungi. Such fungi are increasingly used as functional foods and…
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Heterotrophic protists can be considered the dark matter of microbial communities in engineered water systems. They are ubiquitous and ecologically significant, yet remain largely overlooked. Although a growing body of research demonstrates their pivotal roles (e.g., predation, symbiosis, and nutrient cycling) in…