20 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
J S (Pat) Heslop-Harrison, Trude Schwarzacher, Qing Liu
Examination of meiotic chromosome pairing is helpful in polyploids, but is influenced by genes that ensure exclusive pairing of homologues. To avoid formation of multivalents at meiosis, with subsequent chromosome non-disjunction and infertile gametes, most polyploids have developed genetic mechanisms, such as the…
Alex D. Twyford, Justin L. Conover, Jeff J. Doyle, Annaliese S. Mason + 3 more
Polyploid research has traditionally distinguished between autopolyploids and allopolyploids on the basis of evolutionary origins, modes of inheritance, or chromosomal pairing behavior during meiosis. It has long been recognized, however, that a binary classification does not accurately reflect the complexity and…
Kevin Karbstein, Salvatore Tomasello, Ladislav Hodač, Natascha Wagner + 4 more
Complex genome evolution of young polyploid complexes is poorly understood. Besides challenges caused by hybridization, polyploidization, and incomplete lineage sorting, bioinformatic analyses are often exacerbated by missing information on progenitors, ploidy, and reproduction modes. By using a comprehensive…
Peter M. Bourke, Roeland E. Voorrips, Christine A. Hackett, Geert van Geest + 5 more
The investigation of quantitative trait loci (QTL) is an essential component in our understanding of how organisms vary phenotypically. However, many important crop species are polyploid (carrying more than two copies of each chromosome), requiring specialised tools for such analyses. Moreover, deciphering meiotic…
Joe Abdul Vilcherrez-Atoche, Carla Midori Iiyama, Jean Carlos Cardoso, Bastiaan Bargmann + 1 more
'Bastiaan Bargmann' 'Idan Efroni'] Polyploidy occurs naturally in plants through cell division errors or can artificially be induced by antimitotic agents and has ecological effects on species adaptation, evolution, and development. In agriculture, polyploidy provides economically improved cultivars. Furthermore, the…
Adja M. Diallo, Lene R. Nielsen, Erik D. Kjær, Karen K. Petersen + 1 more
'Anders Ræbild'] Polyploidy is a common phenomenon in the evolution of angiosperms. It has been suggested that polyploids manage harsh environments better than their diploid relatives but empirical data supporting this hypothesis are scarce, especially for trees. Using microsatellite markers and flow cytometry, we…
Natalia Borowska-Zuchowska, Magdalena Senderowicz, Dana Trunova, Bozena Kolano + 1 more
Cytogenetics constitutes a branch of genetics that is focused on the cellular components, especially chromosomes, in relation to heredity and genome structure, function and evolution. The use of modern cytogenetic approaches and the latest microscopes with image acquisition and processing systems enables the…
Chris Eberlein, Omar Abou Saada, Anne Friedrich, Warren Albertin + 1 more
Polyploidization events are observed across the tree of life and occurred in many fungi, plant and animal species. Polyploidy is thought to be an important source of speciation and tumorigenesis. However, the origins of polyploid populations are not always clear and little is known about the precise nature and…
Na Wei, Richard Cronn, Aaron Liston, Tia-Lynn Ashman
Polyploidy, or whole genome duplication, exists in all eukaryotes and is thought to drive ecological and evolutionary success especially in plants. The mechanisms of polyploid success in ecologically relevant contexts, however, remain largely unknown. Here we conducted an extensive test of functional trait divergence…
Paul D. Blischak, Laura S. Kubatko, Andrea D. Wolfe
Despite the ever increasing opportunity to collect large-scale datasets for population genomic analyses, the use of high throughput sequencing to study populations of polyploids has seen little application. This is due in large part to problems associated with determining allele copy number in the genotypes of…
Petr Koutecký, Teresa Zeni, Marianne Magauer, Alžběta Manukjanová + 6 more
Flow cytometry provides a reliable and fast method for estimating genome size and ploidy levels in plants. Until recently, most studies employed fresh tissues, which limits the use of the method with samples from remote areas or when an extremely high number of samples needs to be processed in a short time. Although…
Michael S. Barker, Zheng Li, Thomas I. Kidder, Chris R. Reardon + 4 more
Like many other flowering plants, members of the Compositae (Asteraceae) have a polyploid ancestry. Previous analyses have found evidence for an ancient duplication or possibly triplication in the early evolutionary history of the family. We sought to better place this paleopolyploidy in the phylogeny and assess its…
Domenico Caudo, Mattia Miotto, Giancarlo Ruocco, Greta Grassmann
Polyploidy is defined as the existence of more than two complete sets of homologous chromosomes. Despite it being a widespread phenomenon across the tree of life, its role as either an evolutionary innovation or a dead end is still debated. Here, we investigate how under varying selective pressures the degree of ploidy…
Md Mazharul Islam, Deen Mohammad Deepo, Saifullah Omar Nasif, Abu Bakar Siddique + 5 more
'Abu Bakar Siddique' 'Oliul Hassan' 'Abu Bakar Siddique' 'Narayan Chandra Paul' 'Chunli Chen' 'Xianhong Ge'] The application of polyploidy in sustainable agriculture has already brought much appreciation among researchers. Polyploidy may occur naturally or can be induced in the laboratory using chemical or gaseous…
Kang Huang, Tongcheng Wang, Derek W. Dunn, Pei Zhang + 3 more
Polyploids are organisms whose genomes consist of more than two complete sets of chromosomes. Both autopolyploids and allopolyploids may display polysomic inheritance. A peculiarity of polysomic inheritance is multivalent formation during meiosis resulting in double-reduction, which occurs when sister chromatid…
Brian R. Ginn
Identifying the physical basis of heterosis (or "hybrid vigor") has remained elusive despite over a hundred years of research on the subject. The three main theories of heterosis are dominance theory, overdominance theory, and epistasis theory. Kacser and Burns (1981) identified the molecular basis of dominance, which…
Tetsuhiro Hatakeyama, Ryudo Ohbayashi
The preferred conditions for evolutionary innovation is a fundamental question, but little is known, in part because the question involves rare events. We focused on the potential role of polyploidy in the evolution of novel traits. There are two hypotheses regarding the effects of polyploidy on evolution: Polyploidy…
Wesam Elshamy, Hassan M. Emara, Ahmed Bahgat
This paper examines the effect of mimicking discontinuous heredity caused by carrying more than one chromosome in some living organisms' cells in Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimization algorithms. In this representation, the phenotype may not fully reflect the genotype. By doing so we are mimicking living organisms'…
Jaime Cofré, Kay Saalfeld
The decisive role of Embryology in understanding the evolution of animal forms is founded and deeply rooted in the history of science. It is recognized that the emergence of multicellularity would not have been possible without the formation of the first embryo. We speculate that biophysical phenomena and the…
С. С. Кирикович, Evgenii Vladimirovich Levites
This article focuses on the development of the method for the genetic classification of agamospermous reproduction types in plants using sugar beet as an example. The classification feasibility is ensured by the use of isozymes as genetic markers allowing the identification of all three phenotypic classes in the…