24 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Dan D Jobson, Yoshiki Hase, Andrew N Clarkson, Rajesh N Kalaria
dementia Authors: ['Dan D Jobson' 'Yoshiki Hase' 'Andrew N Clarkson' 'Rajesh N Kalaria'] Title: Abstract Humans require a plethora of higher cognitive skills to perform executive functions, such as reasoning, planning, language and social interactions, which are regulated predominantly by the prefrontal cortex. The…
Richard Levy
The prefrontal cortex is so important to human beings that, if deprived of it, our behaviour is reduced to action-reactions and automatisms, with no ability to make deliberate decisions. Why does the prefrontal cortex hold such importance in humans? In answer, this review draws on the proximity between humans and other…
Aritra Bhattacherjee, Chao Zhang, Brianna Watson, Mohamed Nadhir Djekidel + 2 more
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is functionally one of the most complex regions of mammalian brain. Unlike other cortical areas that process single sensory modalities (like vision, touch, smell, etc.), the PFC integrates information across brain regions to regulate diverse functions ranging from cognition, emotion…
Charles R.E. Wilson, David Gaffan, Philip G.F. Browning, Mark G. Baxter
'Mark G. Baxter'] Anatomical and functional studies of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) have identified multiple PFC subregions. We argue that the PFC is involved in cognitive functions exceeding the sum of specific functions attributed to its subregions. These can be revealed either by lesions of the whole PFC, or more…
Ignacio Negrón-Oyarzo, Tatiana Dib, Lorena Chacana-Véliz, Nélida López-Quilodrán + 1 more
'Nélida López-Quilodrán' 'Jocelyn Urrutia-Piñones'] Cognitive control of behavior is crucial for well-being, as allows subject to adapt to changing environments in a goal-directed way. Changes in cognitive control of behavior is observed during cognitive decline in elderly and in pathological mental conditions.…
Michael R. Ferrier
The human brain carries out a broad array of functions, and there is ample evidence that it is the cerebral cortex, taking up three quarters of the brain's volume, that plays a central role in perception, cognition, and behavior. However, notwithstanding the variety and complexity of the tasks performed by the cerebral…
Justin M. Fine, Benjamin Y. Hayden
We propose that the entirety of the prefrontal cortex can be seen as fundamentally premotor in nature. By this, we mean that the prefrontal cortex consists of an action abstraction hierarchy whose core function is the potentiation and depotentiation of possible action plans at different levels of granularity. We argue…
Shintaro Funahashi
Executive function is thought to be the coordinated operation of multiple neural processes and allows to accomplish a current goal flexibly. The most important function of the prefrontal cortex is the executive function. Among a variety of executive functions in which the prefrontal cortex participates, decision-making…
Bryan Kolb
Our understanding of the organization of the frontal cortex can be traced back to the experimental studies in the late 1800s by Fritsch and Hitzig on the frontal cortex of dogs and the frontal cortex of monkeys by Ferrier. These studies and many other studies that followed focused on motor functions, but halfway…
Ida Välikangas Rautio, Fredrik Nevjen, Ingeborg Hem, Benjamin A. Dunn + 1 more
Prefrontal cortex is often viewed as an extension of the motor system, but little is understood of how it relates to natural motor behavior. We therefore tracked the kinematics of freely moving rats performing minimally structured tasks and measured which aspects of behavior were read out in prefrontal neural…
Ugurcan Mugan, Seiichiro Amemiya, Paul S. Regier, A. David Redish
Current theories suggest that adaptive decision‐making necessitates the interaction between multiple decision‐making systems. The computational definitions of different models of decision‐making suggest interactions with task demands and complexity. We review these computational theories and derive experimental…
Iurii Savvateev, Christina Grimm, Marija Markicevic, Joanes Grandjean + 3 more
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a region of the brain involved in higher-order cognitive processes such as attention, emotional regulation, and social behavior, making it a hotspot for an ongoing clinical and fundamental research. Importantly, its functionality is intricately interconnected within a wide array of…
Edward Zagha
Cortical feedback pathways are proposed to guide cognition and behavior according to context and goal-direction. At the cellular level, cortical feedback pathways target multiple excitatory and inhibitory populations. However, we currently lack frameworks that link how the cellular mechanisms of cortical feedback…
Olgerta Asko, Vegard A. Volehaugen, Anaïs Llorens, Ingrid Funderud + 9 more
Humans extract regularities from the environment to form expectations that guide perception and optimize behavior. Although the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is central to this process, the relative contributions of orbitofrontal (OFC) and lateral PFC (LPFC) remain unclear. Here, we show that the brain tracks sound…
Thomas Dean, Chaofei Fan, Francis E. Lewis, Megumi Sano
Diverse subfields of neuroscience have enriched artificial intelligence for many decades. With recent advances in machine learning and artificial neural networks, many neuroscientists are partnering with AI researchers and machine learning experts to analyze data and construct models. This paper attempts to demonstrate…
Ali Mohebi, Karim G. Oweiss
Orienting movements are essential to sensory-guided reward-seeking behaviors. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is believed to exert top-down control over a range of goal-directed behaviors and is hypothesized to bias sensory-guided movements. However, the nature of PFC involvement in controlling sensory-guided orienting…
Lucija J. Rapan, Sean Froudist-Walsh, Meiqi Niu, Ting Xu + 5 more
Based on quantitative cyto- and receptor architectonic analyses, we identified 35 prefrontal areas and introduced a novel subdivision of Walker’s areas 10, 9, 8B and 46. Statistical analysis of receptor densities revealed regional differences in lateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Since structural and…
Jihui Dong, Xiaoyan Wei, Ziran Huang, Jing Tian + 1 more
Dopamine (DA) plays a pivotal role in reward processing, cognitive functions, and emotional regulation. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a critical brain region for these processes. Parvalbumin-positive (PV+) neurons are one of the major classes of inhibitory GABAergic neurons in the cortex, they modulate the activity of…
Eun Hye Park, Kally C. O’Reilly Sparks, Griffin Grubbs, David Taborga + 6 more
Cognitive control tasks require using one class of information while ignoring competing classes of information. The central role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in cognitive control is well established in the primate literature, and largely accepted in the rodent literature because mPFC damage causes deficits in…
Bianca Sieveritz, Roozbeh Kiani
Non-sensory thalamic nuclei interact with the cortex through thalamocortical and cortico-basal gangliathalamocortical loops. Reciprocal connections between the mediodorsal thalamus (MD) and the prefrontal cortex are particularly important in cognition, while the reciprocal connections of the ventromedial (VM), ventral…
Kim-Viktoria Bolik, Jan Hellmann, Simone Maschauer, Eduard Neu + 8 more
Background: The orexin receptor (OXR) plays a role in drug addiction and appears as a tumor marker in colon carcinoma. Subtype-selective OXR PET ligands have not yet been reported. The present work deals with the development of 18F-labeled OXR ligands dervived from selective OX1R antagonist JH112. Methods: Applying…
Jiwon Lee
Dopamine is a hormone that is released by the adrenal gland and influences motor control and motivation. Dopamine is known to have 5 receptors which are D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5, which are further categorized into 2 families: D1 family and D2 family. The D1 family is known to play a role in motivation and motor control…
Rumiana Tenchov, Janet Sasso, Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and impaired daily functioning. The pathology of AD is marked by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau protein tangles in brain, along with neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction. Genetic…
Vladimir Shalgunov, Sara Irence Lopes van den Broek, Ida Vang Andersen, Rocío García Vázquez + 12 more
Vladimir Shalgunov 1 , Sara Lopes van den Broek 1 , Ida Vang Andersen 1 , Rocío García Vázquez 1 , Nakul Raval 1 , Mikael Palner 1 , Yuki Mori 1 , Gabriela Schäfer 2 , Hannes Mikula 3 , Natalie Beschorner 1 , Maiken Nedergaard 1 , Stina Syvänen 4 , Matthias Barz 2 , Gitte Moos Knudsen 1 , Umberto Maria Battisti 1 …