17 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Michele M. Ciulla, Patrizia Vivona, Salvatore Andrea Mastrolia
Clinical studies/trials are experiments or observations on human subjects considered by the scientific community the most appropriate instrument to answer specific research questions on interventions on health outcomes. The time-line of the observations might be focused on a single time point or to follow time…
Caroline A. Watt, James E. Kennedy
As noted above, retrospective meta-analyses have failed to resolve the debates about hypothesized extra-sensory perception (ESP) abilities. As an exemplar for how prospective meta-analysis can be conducted, the first author has initiated a registration-based prospective meta-analysis for ESP studies employing the…
Yuxin Bai, Cecelia Shuai, Ashwin De Silva, Siyu Yu + 2 more
In most real-world applications of artificial intelligence, the distributions of the data and the goals of the learners tend to change over time. The Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) learning framework, which underpins most machine learning algorithms, fails to account for dynamic data distributions and evolving…
Ning Mei, Sean Rankine, Einar Olafsson, David Soto
Metacognition can be deployed retrospectively -to reflect on the correctness of our behavior- or prospectively -to make predictions of success in one’s future behavior or make decisions about strategies to solve future problems. We investigated the factors that determine prospective decision making. Human participants…
Anette Blümle, Stefan Schandelmaier, Patrick Oeller, Benjamin Kasenda + 3 more
In recent years, many methodological investigations and guidance documents about randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have been published, whereas problems in the planning and conduct of other prospective clinical studies such as non-randomised controlled trials, single arm trials or cohort studies (non-randomised…
Gianmarco Altoè, Giulia Bertoldo, Claudio Zandonella Callegher, Enrico Toffalini + 3 more
'Enrico Toffalini' 'Antonio Calcagnì' 'Livio Finos' 'Massimiliano Pastore'] In the past two decades, psychological science has experienced an unprecedented replicability crisis which uncovered several problematic issues. Among others, the use and misuse of statistical inference plays a key role in this crisis. Indeed…
Soutrik Mandal, Jing Qin, Ruth M. Pfeiffer
Typically, case-control studies to estimate odds-ratios associating risk factors with disease incidence from logistic regression only include cases with newly diagnosed disease. Recently proposed methods allow incorporating information on prevalent cases, individuals who survived from disease diagnosis to sampling…
Nyyti Saarimäki
Background. Starting from the 1960s, practitioners and researchers have looked for ways to empirically investigate new technologies such as inspecting the effectiveness of new methods, tools, or practices. With this purpose, the empirical software engineering domain started to identify different empirical methods…
Martin Holst, Benjamin Gregory Carlisle
Background Prospective registration of clinical trials is mandated by various regulations. However, clinical trial registries like ClinicalTrials.gov allow registry entries to be updated at any time, and key study elements, including the start date, may change before the first patient is enrolled. If a trial changes…
Jessica L. Ross, Arman Sabbaghi, Run Zhuang, Daniele Bertolini + 6 more
Prognostic Covariate-Adjusted Mixed Models for Repeated Measures (PROCOVA-MMRM) Authors: ['Jessica L. Ross' 'Arman Sabbaghi' 'Run Zhuang' 'Daniele Bertolini' "the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study" 'Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative' "the Critical Path for Alzheimer's Disease Database" "the European…
Renning Zheng, Sanjay K Das, Trung Duong Tran, Nadine A Friedrich + 7 more
Although retrospective chart-review studies are typically performed using a waiver of written informed consent, many institutional review boards (IRB) do not approve such waivers for chart-review studies using prospective enrollment, which could introduce selection bias in participant characteristics and outcomes…
Authors not listed
Crystal polymorphism is an important and fascinating aspect of solid state chemistry with far reaching implications in the pharmaceuticals, agrisciences, nutraceuticals, battery and aviation industries. Late appearing more stable polymorphs have caused numerous issues in the pharmaceutical industry. Experimental…
Amani Abu-Shaheen, Ahmad Al Badr, Isamme AlFayyad, Adel Al Qutub + 2 more
The start-up phase of a clinical trial (CT) plays a vital role in execution of novel drug development. Hence, this study aims to identify the factors responsible for delaying the CT start-up phase. Further, it focuses on streamlining and reducing the cycle time of the start-up phase of newly sponsored CTs. Thirteen…
Timothy Gould
This study examined factors influencing student confidence and their perception of learning in the context of undergraduate chemistry and biochemistry courses. Anonymous online surveys were used to measure the extent to which small group work influenced student confidence in solving problems compared to working…
Mira Flasch, Veronika Fitz, Evelyn Rampler, Chibundu N. Ezekiel + 2 more
The totality of environmental exposures and lifestyle factors, commonly referred to as the exposome, are poorly understood. Measuring the myriad of chemicals that humans are exposed to is immensely challenging and identifying disrupted metabolic pathways is even more complex. Here, we present a novel technological…
Noam Tal-Perry, Shlomit Yuval-Greenberg
When faced with unfamiliar circumstances, we often turn to our past experiences with similar situations to shape our expectations. This results in the well-established sequential effect, in which previous trials influence the expectations of the current trial. Studies have revealed that, in addition to the classical…
Anastasia Chouvalova, Anisha S. Navlekar, Devin J. Mills, Mikayla Adams + 3 more
Students employ a variety of study strategies to learn and master content in their courses. Strategies vary widely in their effectiveness for promoting deep, long-term learning, yet most students use ineffective strategies frequently. Efforts to educate students about effective study strategies have revealed that…