19 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
José R. Hurtado, SueYeon Chung, André A. Fenton
The mammalian brain processes experience-dependent spatial information through poorly-understood network mechanisms thought to depend on particular network connectivity patterns and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. However, dedicated input connections that learn to shape information about place cannot easily…
Christoph Lange, Andreas Ahrens, Yadu Krishnan Krishnakumar, Denise Engert + 2 more
Recent advancements in the field of communications and cryptology have attracted significant research efforts in studying randomness of bit sequences. Randomised bit sequences play a vital role in sensor applications by ensuring security (i.e., protecting against brute-force, replay, and eavesdropping attacks in…
Troy Criss, Ahmed Sidi El Valli, Naomi Li, Andrew Haas + 1 more
We demonstrate a method to generate application-ready truly random bits from a magnetic tunnel junction driven by a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). We implement a real-time feedback loop that stabilizes the switching probability near 50% and apply an XOR operation, both on the FPGA, to suppress short-term…
Sven Goedeke, Justus Kautz, Christian Leibold
Understanding how network connectivity shapes neural representations is central to systems neuroscience. While dimensionality reduction methods uncover low-dimensional manifold structure in population recordings, a rigorous framework connecting manifold geometry to network mechanisms and information encoding remains…
Marc Finzi, Shikai Qiu, Yiding Jiang, Pavel Izmailov + 2 more
Can we learn more from data than existed in the generating process itself? Can new and useful information be constructed from merely applying deterministic transformations to existing data? Can the learnable content in data be evaluated without considering a downstream task? On these questions, Shannon information and…
Ryoichi Sato, Mitsuki Fujiwara, Yasuyuki Nogami, Md Arshad Ali + 2 more
This study examined the correlation between the number of delay flip-flops (D-FFs) connected after each ring oscillator (RO) and the bit distribution of random number sequences in an RO-based random number generator (RNG). In our previous research, unstable input signals to the XOR gate contributed to differences in…
Poornima Kumaresan, Santhosh Sivasubramani
Stochastic spiking neurons trade exact arithmetic for controlled randomness, lowering area and tolerating input noise, which suits event-driven edge hardware. We present a compact, configurable stochastic leaky integrate-and-fire neuron in standard-cell CMOS on the SkyWater 130 nm process, released openly. A 16-bit…
Ali Abdolrahimi Zarnagh, Ali Motazedifard
Generating reliable random and pseudo-random sequences is important in many electronic and signal processing systems, such as secure communications, radar, spread-spectrum methods, and autonomous platforms. Although true and quantum random number generators provide stronger unpredictability, classical pseudo-random…
Mohammad Abdul Mujeeb Khan, Naveed Ahmed Azam, Hailiza Kamarulhaili
In today’s digital landscape, safeguarding confidential data from cyber threats and unauthorized breaches is more crucial than ever. A key component in modern cryptographic systems is the substitution box (S-box), which ensures data security through complex transformations. Designing S-boxes with high nonlinearity and…
Benjamin V. Holt
Well-known chaotic maps, such as the logistic and tent maps, have been used to generate cryptographically secure pseudorandomness, yet we know of no efforts which attempt to use the Gauss continued-fraction map, a known chaotic map, as a starting point for producing quality pseudorandom output. In this paper, we…
Michael C. Howard, Kei Masani, Milad Lankarany
Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) therapy is a widely used neurorehabilitation technique that restores motor function by delivering electrical stimulation to target muscles during voluntary contraction. Despite its clinical effectiveness, the mechanisms by which FES therapy induces neuroplasticity remain poorly…
Authors not listed
Metastable states and the conformational transitions in between them are key to understanding dynamical behaviour and function of large-scale molecular systems. By combining basic dimensionality reduction techniques with a state-of-the art approximation of the Koopman operator associated to molecular dynamics…
Mengqi Zhang, Guangqiang Teng, Xiaoyu Lei, Boris Ryabko
Lei proposed an algorithm Algorithm $A_{3}$ in 2023 to generate an exact discrete uniform distribution from an unknown biased Bernoulli source. The present paper does not claim a new extraction algorithm. Its contributions are analytical: first, we provide a Fourier-analytic proof of the uniformity mechanism based on…
Alexandru Dinu, Yong Deng
Shannon entropy is the most common measure that one could use to check if a data source has random behaviour or not. A value close to the maximum is usually considered as evidence that the source is “random enough”. The present paper shows that this criterion alone is not enough. A deterministic logistic map driven at…
Olivier Bodini, Francis Durand
The uniform generation of k Hamming weight binary words, equivalent to sampling k-subsets from n elements, relies on random bits, which can be expensive. We introduce a novel paradigm, random bit recycling, and use it to generate such binary words in linear time while consuming as few random bits as possible. The…
Kagari Yamada, Kazushi Tsutsui, Kazutoshi Kudo
Human intuition about randomness is systematically biased. When asked to generate random sequences, people systematically generate too many alternations. At the same time, game-theoretic analyses of competitive interactions prescribe truly random mixed strategies as the unique way to remain unpredictable to an…
Authors not listed
Terminally labeled DNA oligonucleotides have wide applications in modern biology and biotechnological applications. It has been observed that the fluorescent intensity of light released from these fluorescent labels is heavily influenced by the terminal sequence of nucleotides. Recent studies have assayed and published…
Claus Metzner, Thomas Kinfe, Andreas Maier, Achim Schilling + 1 more
Reservoir computers, using recurrent neural networks with fixed random connections, are known to perform a wide range of information-processing tasks. Yet the transformations taking place within the reservoir, the interaction between input matrix, reservoir, and readout layer, and the influence of key design parameters…
Authors not listed
The political, social and economic consequences of climate change drastically influence the requirements of modern energy systems and its components. This includes not only energy production but also concepts and innovations for its storage, especially in magnitudes of gigawatt hours. Carnot batteries, which convert…