25 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Vance W. Berger, Louis Joseph Bour, Kerstine Carter, Jonathan J. Chipman + 9 more
'Jonathan J. Chipman' 'Colin C. Everett' 'Nicole Heussen' 'Catherine Hewitt' 'Ralf-Dieter Hilgers' 'Yuqun Abigail Luo' 'Jone Renteria' 'Yevgen Ryeznik' 'Oleksandr Sverdlov' 'Diane Uschner' ''] Background Randomization is the foundation of any clinical trial involving treatment comparison. It helps mitigate selection…
Marina A Malikova
Randomization was first introduced by the statistician and geneticist Sir RA Fisher, who used this technique in agricultural studies in Britain in the 1920s . When first used in human subjects in early 1930s, randomization was literally accomplished by the toss of a coin to determine treatment assignment group.…
Sameh M. Zamzam, Mosaad Abdel-Aziz, Ahmed Atef, Usama Abdel-Naseer + 5 more
'Mostafa Hamoda' 'Mohamed Salah' 'Hazem Dewidar' 'Louay Elsharkawy' 'Mena E. Abdelmalek'] Background Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are prospective comparative studies in which study groups are allocated randomly to intervention or serve as controls. RCT is the mainstay to achieve evidence in the literature in…
Yevgen Ryeznik, Oleksandr Sverdlov
Designs Authors: ['Yevgen Ryeznik' 'Oleksandr Sverdlov'] In this paper, we present Insertus.jl, the Julia package that can help the user generate a randomization sequence of a given length for a multi-arm trial with a pre-specified target allocation ratio and assess the operating characteristics of the chosen…
Ognjen Barcot, Matija Boric, Tina Poklepovic Pericic, Marija Cavar + 3 more
Purpose of this study was to analyze adequacy of judgments about risk of bias (RoB) for random sequence generation in Cochrane systematic reviews (CSRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Information was extracted from RoB tables of CSRs using automated data scraping. We categorized all comments provided as…
Joseph M. Strayhorn Jr.
Randomized controlled trials are ubiquitously spoken of as the “gold standard” for testing interventions and establishing causal relations. This article presents evidence for two premises. First: there are often major problems with randomized designs; it is by no means true that the only good design is a randomized…
William Meurer, Nicholas J. Seewald, Kelley Kidwell
Background: Modern clinical trials in stroke reperfusion fall into two categories: alternative systemic pharmacological regimens to alteplase and "rescue" endovascular approaches using targeted thrombectomy devices and/or medications delivered directly for persistently vessel occlusions. Clinical trials in stroke have…
Devon D. Brewer
The quality of evidence in meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials is the degree to which the estimated effect represents the “truth.” Current approaches to assessing the quality of evidence focus on trial design and methods. I describe a new quality of evidence index composed of four sub-indexes that measure…
Uwe Saint‐Mont
Following Fisher, it is widely believed that randomization "relieves the experimenter from the anxiety of considering innumerable causes by which the data may be disturbed." In particular, it is said to control for known and unknown nuisance factors that may considerably challenge the validity of a result. Looking for…
Joshua Trebach, Ali Graebner, Mark K. Su
“The only way to test a hypothesis is to look for all the information that disagrees with it.” -Karl Popper The word “hypothesis” originates from Greek hypo (“under”) and thesis (“placing”), and its ancient usage was as “a summary of the plot of a classical drama.” Here we will delve into the modern scientific dramas…
Georgia Salanti, Adriani Nikolakopoulou, Alex J Sutton, Stephan Reichenbach + 3 more
Background: The important role of network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials in health technology assessment and guideline development is increasingly recognized. This approach has the potential to obtain conclusive results earlier than with new standalone trials or conventional, pairwise meta-analyses.…
Bonnie J Kaplan, Gerald Giesbrecht, Scott Shannon, Kevin McLeod
Background Both scientists and the public routinely refer to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as being the 'gold standard' of scientific evidence. Although there is no question that placebo-controlled RCTs play a significant role in the evaluation of new pharmaceutical treatments, especially when it is important to…
Nigel Stallard, Lisa V. Hampson, Norbert Benda, Werner Brannath + 13 more
'Tom Burnett' 'Tim Friede' 'Peter Kimani' 'Franz Koenig' 'Johannes Krisam' 'Pavel Mozgunov' 'Martin Posch' 'James Wason' 'Gernot Wassmer' 'John C. Whitehead' 'S. Faye Williamson' 'Sarah Zohar' 'Thomas Jaki'] Nigel Stallarda1 , Lisa Hampsona * 2 , Norbert Benda3 , Werner Brannath4 , Tom Burnett5 , Tim Friede6 , Peter K.…
Steven E. Bellan, Juliet R.C. Pulliam, Rieke van der Graaf, Spencer J. Fox + 2 more
During emerging epidemics of highly fatal diseases, rapid development and testing of new vaccines may be critical to curbing transmission and saving lives. However, the design of vaccine efficacy trials in such contexts may face considerable logistical, epidemiological, or ethical impediments. Three different vaccine…
Yao Zhang, Qingyuan Zhao
The meaning of randomization tests has become obscure in statistics education and practice over the last century. This article makes a fresh attempt at rectifying this core concept of statistics. A new term—"quasi-randomization test"—is introduced to define significance tests based on theoretical models and distinguish…
Elena Pesce, Fabio Rapallo, Eva Riccomagno, Henry P. Wynn
After a rich history in medicine, randomisation control trials both simple and complex are in increasing use in other areas such as web-based AB testing and planning and design decisions. A main objective is to be able to measure parameters, and contrasts in particular, while guarding against biases from hidden…
M. Elizabeth Halloran, Kari Auranen, Sarah Baird, Nicole E. Basta + 15 more
Here we urge the adoption of a new paradigm for the design and interpretation of intervention trials in infectious diseases, particularly in emerging infectious disease, that more accurately reflects the dynamics of the transmission process. Interventions in infectious diseases can have indirect effects on those not…
Zach Branson, Luke Miratrix
A benefit of randomized experiments is that covariate distributions of treatment and control groups are balanced on average, resulting in simple unbiased estimators for treatment effects. However, it is possible that a particular randomization yields covariate imbalances that researchers want to address in the analysis…
Robert Mash, Bolatito B. Fatusin, Edith Madela-Mntla, Christopher Butler
'Christopher Butler'] This article outlines the essential features of clinical trials for doctoral or early career researchers. The World Health Organization has recently emphasised the need for higher quality clinical trials, more trials from low- and middle-income countries, as well as primary care, more engagement…
Rocío Titiunik
∗ Prepared for "Advances in Experimental Political Science", edited by James Druckman and Donald Green, to be published by Cambridge University Press. I am grateful to Don Green and Jamie Druckman for their helpful feedback on multiple versions of this chapter, and to Marc Ratkovic and participants at the Advances in…
Josep Arús-Pous, Simon Viet Johansson, Oleksii Prykhodko, Esben Jannik Bjerrum + 4 more
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) trained with a set of molecules represented as unique (canonical) SMILES strings, have shown the capacity to create large chemical spaces of valid and meaningful structures. Herein we perform an extensive benchmark on models trained with subsets of GDB-13 of different sizes (1 million …
Josep Arús-Pous, Simon Viet Johansson, Oleksii Prykhodko, Esben Jannik Bjerrum + 4 more
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) trained with a set of molecules represented as unique (canonical) SMILES strings, have shown the capacity to create large chemical spaces of valid and meaningful structures. Herein we perform an extensive benchmark on models trained with subsets of GDB-13 of different sizes (1 million …
Prashanth Athri, Vidhya Murali, Pradyumna Y Muralidhar, Cassandra Königs + 4 more
- 1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India - 2. PES Center for Pattern Recognition, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, PES University, Bengaluru, India - 3. Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, Bielefeld University…
Long Qian, Xin Lu, Parvez Haris, Jianyong Zhu + 2 more
Clinical trials are crucial for drug development, but they require significant time and financial resources. Additionally, uncertainties may arise during these trials concerning their results due to concerns surrounding effectiveness, safety, or the enrollment of participants. If robust AI (artificial intelligence)…
Authors not listed
Integrating machine learning (ML) into drug discovery has ushered in a new era of innovation, dramatically enhancing the efficiency and precision of identifying and developing new therapeutics. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current applications of machine learning in drug discovery, focusing on…