22 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Vincenzo Bonnici, Vincenzo Manca
In this paper, by extending some results of informational genomics, we present a new randomness test based on the empirical entropy of strings and some properties of the repeatability and unrepeatability of substrings of certain lengths. We give the theoretical motivations of our method and some experimental results of…
Yongxin Li
This work starts from definition of randomness, the results of algorithmic randomness are analyzed from the perspective of application. Then, the source and nature of randomness is explored, and the relationship between infinity and randomness is found. The properties of randomness are summarized from the perspective…
Marcin M. Jacak, Piotr Jóźwiak, Jakub Niemczuk, Janusz E. Jacak
Generation of random numbers is a central problem for many applications in the field of information processing, including, e.g., cryptography, in classical and quantum regime, but also mathematical modeling, Monte Carlo methods, gambling and many others. Both, the quality of the randomness and efficiency of the random…
Yaron Ilan
Randomness characterizes many processes in nature, and therefore its importance cannot be overstated. In the present study, we investigate examples of randomness found in various fields, to underlie its fundamental processes. The fields we address include physics, chemistry, biology (biological systems from genes to…
Vasileios Mantas, Vasileia Kotoula, Artemios Pehlivanidis, Mohsen Khosravi
'Mohsen Khosravi'] Introduction The fast, intuitive and autonomous system 1 along with the slow, analytical and more logical system 2 constitute the dual system processing model of decision making. Whether acting independently or influencing each other both systems would, to an extent, rely on randomness in order to…
Yaron Ilan
Randomness is far from a disturbing disorder in nature. Rather, it underlies many processes and functions. Randomness can be used to improve the efficacy of development and of systems under certain conditions. Moreover, valid unpredictable random-number generators are needed for secure communication, rendering…
Klaas Landsman
This is a review of the issue of randomness in quantum mechanics, with special emphasis on its ambiguity; for example, randomness has different antipodal relationships to determinism, computability, and compressibility. Following a (Wittgensteinian) philosophical discussion of randomness in general, I argue that…
Nicolas Gauvrit, Kinga Morsanyi
Perspective Authors: ['Nicolas Gauvrit' 'Kinga Morsanyi'] The equiprobability bias (EB) is a tendency to believe that every process in which randomness is involved corresponds to a fair distribution, with equal probabilities for any possible outcome. The EB is known to affect both children and adults, and to increase…
Andrei Khrennikov
Recent tremendous development of quantum information theory led to a number of quantum technological projects, e.g., quantum random generators. This development stimulates a new wave of interest in quantum foundations. One of the most intriguing problems of quantum foundations is elaboration of a consistent and…
Marcelo G. Kovalsky, Alejandro Hnilo, Mónica Agüero
Quantum systems are the ultimate touchstone for the production of random sequences of numbers. Spatially spread entangled systems allow the generation of identical random sequences in remote locations. The impossibility of observing a quantum system, without disturbing it, ensures that the messages encoded using these…
Aldo Solís, Jorge G. Hirsch
Randomness plays a central rol in the quantum mechanical description of our interactions. We review the relationship between the violation of Bell inequalities, non signaling and randomness. We discuss the challenge in defining a random string, and show that algorithmic information theory provides a necessary condition…
Yaron Ilan
The Constrained Disorder Principle (CDP) defines all systems in nature by their degree of inherent variability. Per the CDP, the intrinsic variability is mandatory for their proper function and is dynamically changed based on pressures. The CDP defines the boundaries of inherent variability as a mechanism for…
Cécile Gal, Ioana Țincaș, Vasile V. Moca, Andrei Ciuparu + 4 more
Recognising objects is a vital skill on which humans heavily rely to respond quickly and adaptively to their environment. Yet, we lack understanding on the role visual information sampling plays in this process, and its relation to the individual’s priors. To bridge this gap, the eye-movements of 18 adult participants…
Juan Giral Martínez, Matthieu Barbier, Silvia De Monte
A growing body of ‘disordered systems’ theory investigates minimal ecosystem models with random interactions, where simple statistics suffice to predict dynamical outcomes and macroecological patterns. However, interaction networks commonly possess large-scale structures, such as hierarchies or functional groups, that…
Nicolas Gisin
I argue that scientific determinism is not supported by facts, but results from the elegance of the mathematical language physicists use, in particular from the so-called real numbers and their infinite series of digits. Classical physics can thus be interpreted in a deterministic or indeterministic way. However, using…
Juan Giral Martínez, Matthieu Barbier, Silvia De Monte
Minimal models for complex ecosystems often assume random interactions, whose statistics suffice to predict dynamical and macroecological patterns. However, ecological networks commonly possess a variety of properties, such as hierarchies or functional groups, that structure species interactions. Here, we ask how…
Eldar Knar
In this work, a new concept called Vector Dissipation of Randomness (VDR) is developed and formalized. It describes the mechanism by which complex multicomponent systems transition from chaos to order through the filtering of random directions, accumulation of information in the environment, and self-organization of…
Sapir Bashari, Maciej M. Jankowski, Israel Nelken
Auditory cortex possesses a remarkable ability to discriminate between tone sequences with different levels of statistical regularities. To examine this phenomenon at the level of single neurons, we recorded responses from auditory cortex of awake rats. The rats passively listened to multitone sequences composed of 4…
Thomas Lynn, Julio Ottino, Richard Lueptow, Paul Umbanhowar
Cut-and-shuffle mixing is an instructive candidate system with which to assess the potential of machine learning (ML) as an approach to solve difficult mixing problems. We focus on a specific subset of cut-and-shuffle systems, the one-dimensional interval exchange transform. This class of mixing operations is well…
Steven A. Frank, Jordi Bascompte
The abundance of different species in a community often follows the log series distribution. Other ecological patterns also have simple forms. Why does the complexity and variability of ecological systems reduce to such simplicity? Common answers include maximum entropy, neutrality, and convergent outcome from…
Authors not listed
Sequence is the critical determinant of macromolecular function, yet current polymer design approaches often optimize monomer composition and ratios while ignoring sequence. This creates poorly defined design spaces for active learning that miss the vast combinatorial landscape of sequence possibilities. We introduce…
Mohsen Farshad
The energy and entropy, expressed in free energy, determine the behavior of a system. Therefore, infinite knowledge of these two quantities leads to precise prediction of the system's trajectories. Here, we study how the energy and entropy affect the distribution of a two-component system in a box. First, using a…