15 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Vincenzo Bonnici, Vincenzo Manca
In this paper, by extending some results of informational genomics, we present a new randomness test based on the empirical entropy of strings and some properties of the repeatability and unrepeatability of substrings of certain lengths. We give the theoretical motivations of our method and some experimental results of…
Marcin M. Jacak, Piotr Jóźwiak, Jakub Niemczuk, Janusz E. Jacak
Generation of random numbers is a central problem for many applications in the field of information processing, including, e.g., cryptography, in classical and quantum regime, but also mathematical modeling, Monte Carlo methods, gambling and many others. Both, the quality of the randomness and efficiency of the random…
Yaron Ilan
Randomness characterizes many processes in nature, and therefore its importance cannot be overstated. In the present study, we investigate examples of randomness found in various fields, to underlie its fundamental processes. The fields we address include physics, chemistry, biology (biological systems from genes to…
Vasileios Mantas, Vasileia Kotoula, Artemios Pehlivanidis, Mohsen Khosravi
'Mohsen Khosravi'] Introduction The fast, intuitive and autonomous system 1 along with the slow, analytical and more logical system 2 constitute the dual system processing model of decision making. Whether acting independently or influencing each other both systems would, to an extent, rely on randomness in order to…
Yaron Ilan
Randomness is far from a disturbing disorder in nature. Rather, it underlies many processes and functions. Randomness can be used to improve the efficacy of development and of systems under certain conditions. Moreover, valid unpredictable random-number generators are needed for secure communication, rendering…
Alejandro Andrés Hnilo, Andrei Khrennikov, Vladimir I. Manko
Assuming that there is no way of sending signals propagating faster than light and that free will exists, the loophole-free observed violation of Bell’s inequalities demonstrates that at least one of three fundamental hypotheses involved in the derivation and observation of the inequalities is false: Locality, Realism…
Nicolas Gauvrit, Kinga Morsanyi
Perspective Authors: ['Nicolas Gauvrit' 'Kinga Morsanyi'] The equiprobability bias (EB) is a tendency to believe that every process in which randomness is involved corresponds to a fair distribution, with equal probabilities for any possible outcome. The EB is known to affect both children and adults, and to increase…
Edward R Dougherty, Michael L Bittner
Because the basic unit of biology is the cell, biological knowledge is rooted in the epistemology of the cell, and because life is the salient characteristic of the cell, its epistemology must be centered on its livingness, not its constituent components. The organization and regulation of these components in the…
Giorgio Gronchi, Marco Raglianti, Stefano Noventa, Alessandro Lazzeri + 1 more
'Alessandro Lazzeri' 'Andrea Guazzini'] Psychological research has found that human perception of randomness is biased. In particular, people consistently show the overalternating bias: they rate binary sequences of symbols (such as Heads and Tails in coin flipping) with an excess of alternation as more random than…
Tim Angelike, Jochen Musch
Whether and how well people can behave randomly is of interest in many areas of psychological research. The ability to generate randomness is often investigated using random number generation (RNG) tasks, in which participants are asked to generate a sequence of numbers that is as random as possible. However, there is…
Yaron Ilan
The Constrained Disorder Principle (CDP) defines all systems in nature by their degree of inherent variability. Per the CDP, the intrinsic variability is mandatory for their proper function and is dynamically changed based on pressures. The CDP defines the boundaries of inherent variability as a mechanism for…
Aldo C. Martínez, Aldo Solis, Rafael Díaz Hernández Rojas, Alfred B. U’Ren + 2 more
'Alfred B. U’Ren' 'Jorge G. Hirsch' 'Isaac Pérez Castillo'] Pseudo-random number generators are widely used in many branches of science, mainly in applications related to Monte Carlo methods, although they are deterministic in design and, therefore, unsuitable for tackling fundamental problems in security and…
Giorgio Gronchi, Steven A. Sloman
The overalternating bias is that people rate sequences with an excess of alternation as more random than prescribed by information theory. There are two main explanations: the representativeness heuristic (Kahneman & Tversky Cognitive Psychology, 3, 430-454, [19]) and the implicit encoding hypothesis (Falk & Konold…
Karl Svozil, Remigiusz Augusiak
If quantum mechanics is taken for granted, the randomness derived from it may be vacuous or even delusional, yet sufficient for many practical purposes. “Random” quantum events are intimately related to the emergence of both space-time as well as the identification of physical properties through which so-called objects…
David L. Abel
To what degree could chaos and complexity have organized a Peptide or RNA World of crude yet necessarily integrated protometabolism? How far could such protolife evolve in the absence of a heritable linear digital symbol system that could mutate, instruct, regulate, optimize and maintain metabolic homeostasis? To…