21 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Ala Moshiri, Akrit Sodhi
The retinoid chromophore 11-cis-retinal triggers an intracellular cascade known as phototransduction that converts light into electrochemical signals. Enzymatic regeneration of 11-cis-retinal sustains vision, prevents the buildup of toxic byproducts, and is supported largely by the retinal pigmented epithelium.…
Srilagna Sahoo, Adwaaiit Pande, Kartikey Thakar, Shubham Sahay + 1 more
Advanced vision systems require retinomorphic, energy-efficient spike-based preprocessing of dynamic visual scenes. Here, we demonstrate multiple retinal preprocessing functionalities by leveraging a Hodgkin-Huxley-based optical spiking neuron (OSHN) that incorporates a two-dimensional anti-ambipolar phototransistor…
Ganesh B. Jonnadula, Swetha Ravichandran, Andrew Rothstein, Keisha Brown + 4 more
Purpose To investigate the association between mid-peripheral capillary free zones (CFZs) and retinal structural and functional metrics in diabetics without diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods This cross-sectional study included 45 eyes from 28 diabetics without DR and 46 eyes from 31 controls (mean age in both groups…
Michal Fila, Jan Krekora, Jarosław Drożdż, Kai Kaarniranta + 1 more
Objective This narrative review aims to examine potential associations between migraine and retinal disorders, with particular attention to retinal migraine, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal vascular occlusions, and photophobia. Background The role of retinal pathways in migraine pathophysiology remains…
Muhammad Qasim, Paulo Fernandes, Jorge Jorge
Purpose: This study was conducted to assess retinal responses in myopic and non-myopic participants after exposure to repeated low-level red-light therapy (RLRT) of 3 min and 1 min duration to see if response differs with exposure time and refractive status using global flash multifocal electroretinogram (gf-mfERG).…
Anuradha Vinayak Pai, Yogesh A. Kulkarni, Jayesh Bellare
The ERG b-wave is primarily attributed to ON bipolar cell activity, while the contribution of the OFF pathway and the differential role of voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels in these pathways remain unclear. This study investigated whether pharmacological modulation of NaV channels differentially alters ON and OFF…
Eli Chlan, Chenxing Li, Katie L. Bales, Levi B. Wood + 1 more
While previous work has shown a sustained protective effect of levodopa (L-DOPA) on retinal function in early-stage diabetic retinopathy (DR) in humans, its underlying biology is unknown. Using noninvasive measures in diabetic mice, we found L-DOPA protects retinal neurovascular function as measured by oscillatory…
Ebenezer J. Quainoo, Xiaoling Xie, Lotem Kol, Joseph Samson + 1 more
Bipolar cells relay visual signals from photoreceptor cells to ganglion cells in the retina. Fifteen bipolar cell subtypes have been identified in the mouse retina. These subtypes are classified as ON and OFF bipolar cells based on their response to light stimulus or rod and cone bipolar cells based on their connection…
Samuel S Storey, Carrie L Hehr, Shaelene Standing, Sarah McFarlane
Müller glia are instrumental macroglia of the vertebrate retina, once thought to be a homogeneous population. Now Müller glia are generally accepted as transcriptionally heterogeneous, and new evidence suggests functional diversity may exist in the way these cells respond to retinal injury. It remains unclear, however…
Ioanna S. Koutroumpa, Stephan C. F. Neuhauss
Continuous vision relies on the recycling of visual pigment chromophore, which is photoisomerized during the process of vision. In vertebrates, this recycling is mediated by a complex network of biochemical reactions distributed across different cell types referred to as the visual cycle. In this review, we outline…
Taegan Perez, Rayna C Bell, Camille Lavoie, Matthew K Fujita + 4 more
Evolutionary studies of vertebrate vision have mainly focused on the light-sensitive opsins neglecting the downstream phototransduction cascade. Here, we investigate patterns of gene loss and expression across jawed vertebrates, providing clarity on the evolution of phototransduction. We next focus on an ecologically…
Lu Zhang, Huizhen Yu, Zuowei Wang, Fu Gui + 3 more
Retinal diseases spanning a broad spectrum can be effectively identified and diagnosed using complementary signals from multimodal data. However, multimodal diagnosis in ophthalmic practice is typically challenged in terms of data heterogeneity, potential invasiveness, registration complexity, and so on. As such, a…
Catherine W. Morgans, Tammie L. Haley, Gaoying Ren, Ian A. M. Taylor + 2 more
The ON visual pathway is initiated by the deactivation of mGluR6, coupled to the opening of TRPM1 channels in retinal ON-bipolar cell dendrites. Here, we show that a second metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, is localized with TRPM1 and mGluR6 in the dendrites of ON-bipolar cells. To examine the function of…
Kanagalingam, Heethanjan, Pathmanathan, Thenukan + 3 more
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss worldwide, yet early and accurate detection can significantly improve treatment outcomes. While numerous Deep learning (DL) models have been developed to predict DR from fundus images, many face challenges in maintaining robustness due to distributional…
Trong Thuan Ung, Gillian N. Huskin, Sanford Boye, Yuchen Wang
Mice were dark-adapted overnight before recordings and anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine (80-100 mg/kg and 8-10 mg/kg, i.p.). Corneal anesthesia was achieved with topical 0.5% proparacaine, and pupils were dilated with 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine. To maintain corneal hydration and facilitate electrode…
Inam Ullah, Imran Razzak, Shoaib Jameel
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a local retinal lesion process and a visible manifestation of systemic microvascular injury. Modern retinal AI can grade images accurately, but often leaves unanswered how local lesion evidence, retinal vascular structure, and systemic disease pathways are connected. This paper introduces…
Trong Thuan Ung, Gillian N. Huskin, Sanford Boye, Yuchen Wang
Synaptic dysfunction and neurite remodeling are early features of many inherited retinal diseases, but whether synaptic function can be restored after circuit remodeling remains unclear. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated α2δ4 gene supplementation in a mouse model of…
Bo Wen, Dillon Lohr, Yatong An, Pushkar Anand + 7 more
Retinal image-based eye tracking is widely used in ophthalmic imaging and vision science, and is a promising path to deliver higher gaze accuracy than the pupil- and cornea-based approaches commonly used in modern AR/VR devices. Nevertheless, existing retinal tracking algorithms still primarily rely on classical…
Seowung Leem, Lin Gu, Chenyu You, Kuang Gong + 1 more
The retina provides a unique, noninvasive window into Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia, capturing early structural changes through morphometric features, while systemic and lifestyle risk factors reflect well-established contributors to disease susceptibility long before clinical symptom onset. However, current…
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Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) is a light-gated ion channel widely used in optogenetics, a technique that enables precise control of neuronal activity by genetically engineering light-sensitive proteins into cell membranes. This protein exists in dimeric form, with each monomer containing a retinal Schiff base (RSB) moiety…
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Molecular mechanisms governing initiation steps of the assembly of thousands of endogenous multi-protein complexes (EMCs) remain incompletely understood. Here, multiple lines of observations are reported reflecting the biological functions-aligned initiation sequence of hybrid assembly pathways (HAPs) of EMCs. HAPs…