26 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Shraddha Parab, Supriya Bhalerao
Statistical tests are mathematical tools for analyzing quantitative data generated in a research study. The multitude of statistical tests makes a researcher difficult to remember which statistical test to use in which condition. There are various points which one needs to ponder upon while choosing a statistical test.…
Lakshman Mahto
Consider a realization x = (x1, x2, . . . , xn) of an i.i.d. sample of size n from a known distribution model with unknown parameter θ. Imagine we have two people: - a. Statistician A: Knows the entire sample, gets n quantities: x = (x1, . . . , xn). - b. Statistician B: Knows T(x1, . . . , xn) = t, a single number…
Darlyane TORRES, David NORMANDO
Introduction: The efficiency of clinical procedures is based on practical and theoretical knowledge. Countless daily information is available to the orthodontist, but it is up to this professional to know how to select what really has an impact on clinical practice. Evidence-based orthodontics ends up requiring the…
R Romano, E Gambale
Statistics has often been misunderstood in Medicine, but it is indispensable knowledge both for the experimenter and the reader. Statistical methods allow to study diseases, patients, and epidemiological events. The modern researcher cannot refuse to know and to use statistics. A deeper understanding is required to…
Authors not listed
We developed OpenStats, a user-friendly web application that brings the power of the R language to researchers through a high-level interface and broad support for statistical methods such as t-tests and ANOVA. OpenStats was integrated into our electronic lab notebook Chemotion ELN via its third-party API, enabling…
Qing-shan Chen, Xin-yue Ma, Xin Cheng, Xuesong Yang
Although statistics play a significant role in the medical profession, studying medical statistics is challenging because this topic is more difficult to comprehend than other subjects included in medical curricula. Therefore, improving the teaching of medical statistics to meet the requirements of modern medical…
Damien Challet
A new family of nonparametric statistics, the r-statistics, is introduced. It consists of counting the number of records of the cumulative sum of the sample. The single-sample r-statistic is almost as powerful as Student's t-statistic for Gaussian and uniformly distributed variables, and more powerful than the sign and…
M. M. Hammad
Statistics provides us with the means to make sense of data, uncover patterns, and draw meaningful conclusions from seemingly complex information. It has applications in a wide range of disciplines, including science, engineering, finance, social sciences, and many others. Meanwhile, Mathematica, a powerful…
Sarah Placì, Johanna Eckert, Hannes Rakoczy, Julia Fischer
Human infants, apes and capuchins have been found to engage in intuitive statistics, generating predictions from populations to samples based on proportional information. This suggests that statistical reasoning might depend on some core knowledge that is shared with other species. Here, we investigated whether such…
Sarah Placì, Marie Padberg, Hannes Rakoczy, Julia Fischer
Human children and apes are proficient intuitive statisticians when making predictions from populations of objects to randomly drawn samples, whereas monkeys seem not to be. Statistical reasoning can also be investigated in tasks in which the probabilities of different possibilities must be inferred from relative…
A. Banerjee, S. L. Jadhav, J. S. Bhawalkar
Few clinicians grasp the true concept of probability expressed in the ‘P value.’ For most, a statistically significant P value is the end of the search for truth. In fact, the opposite is the case. The present paper attempts to put the P value in proper perspective by explaining different types of probabilities, their…
Authors not listed
The precision of thermodynamic modeling for ionic liquid (IL)–solute systems is fundamentally reliant on the quality of experimental data. However, prevalent databases such as ILThermo frequently exhibit conflicting measurements for the same systems under identical temperature and pressure conditions. These disparities…
Aleksandar Aksentijevic
Notwithstanding the popularity of psychology courses throughout the world, educators face a constant and difficult problem of overcoming the fear of and dislike for statistics which represents one of the pillars of modern psychological science. Although the issue is complex and multifaceted, here I argue that…
Yuri Gurevich, Vladimir Vovk
where [f ≤ f(x)] = {y : f(y) ≤ f(x)}. The standard textbook convention is that the test statistic f takes values in the real line. But the definition of ˆf requires only that the codomain of f be an ordered measurable space and that the initial segments (−∞, f(x)] be measurable. Should we generalize the notion of test…
Kalle Leppälä, Flavio Augusto da Silva Coelho, Michaela Richter, Victor A. Albert + 1 more
Over the past 15 years, the D-statistic, a four-taxon test for organismal admixture (hybridization, or introgression) that incorporates single nucleotide polymorphism data with allelic patterns ABBA and BABA, has seen considerable use. This statistic seeks to discern significant deviation from either a given species…
Michal Pešta, Martin Wendler
Detecting abrupt changes in the mean of a time series, so-called changepoints, is important for many applications. However, many procedures rely on the estimation of nuisance parameters (like long-run variance). Under the alternative (a change in mean), estimators might be biased and data-adaptive rules for the choice…
M. Carroll Croarkin
For more than 50 years, the Statistical Engineering Division (SED) has been instrumental in the success of a broad spectrum of metrology projects at NBS/NIST. This paper highlights fundamental contributions of NBS/NIST statisticians to statistics and to measurement science and technology. Published methods developed by…
Rand R. Wilcox, Guillaume A. Rousselet
There is a vast array of new and improved methods for comparing groups and studying associations that offer the potential for substantially increasing power, providing improved control over the probability of a Type I error, and yielding a deeper and more nuanced understanding of neuroscience data. These new techniques…
Estibaliz Gómez-de-Mariscal, Vanesa Guerrero, Alexandra Sneider, Hasini Jayatilaka + 3 more
Biomedical research has come to rely on p-values as a deterministic measure for data-driven decision making. In the largely extended null-hypothesis significance testing (NHST) for identifying statistically significant differences among groups of observations, a single p-value computed from sample data is routinely…
Yuri Gurevich, Vladimir Vovk
Think of the probability space (Ω, P) as a probability trial. Elements of Ω are outcomes, subsets of Ω are events, and P assigns probabilities to outcomes and events. The probability distribution P is the null hypothesis of the trial. Think of it as an alleged probability distribution. The purpose of the trial is to…
Daniel L. Rabosky
The concept of variance is the foundation of modern statistics; it reflects our awareness that independent samples from a single population or stochastic process can produce a range of outcomes. A recent pair of articles in the journal Evolution abandons the notion of the sample variance and advocates for uncorrected…
Abhaya Indrayan
Fallacies are anomalies that considerably reduce the credibility of a report. Statistical fallacies are common in medical research literature. This article enumerates a large number of such fallacies, particularly in orthopedic research, in the hope of creating awareness about situations where these can occur. Such…
Authors not listed
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) remains an effective tool for early-stage chemical modelling and virtual screening in drug design. The advancements in this field are led by two core paradigms, 1) descriptor engineering, where complex fixed-length vectors of compounds are generated and conventional…
Authors not listed
The rapid growth of worldwide computing power has transformed in silico chemistry into a discipline that is integrated into the daily work of many chemists. Nowadays, researchers find it increasingly straightforward to predict a wide range of molecular properties and chemi- cal processes at reasonable computational…
Authors not listed
Plastic mechanical recycling is the conventional technological step towards circularity. In such aspects, complex mixtures of polyolefin blends are often fed into mechanical recycling systems, resulting in moulded products with uncertain quality. To add to the difficulty of heterogeneous feedstocks, the testing of…
Amelia Carolina Sparavigna
Previous studies (Sparavigna, 2023) have demonstrated the Tsallis q-Gaussian functions suitable for the analysis of Raman spectra. Here we consider two asymmetric forms of them, with the aim of further improving the fitting of Raman spectra. The first asymmetric form, that we are here proposing for the first time, is a…