20 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Sai Pooja Mahajan, Jeffrey A. Ruffolo, Rahel Frick, Jeffrey J. Gray
Antibodies are widely developed and used as therapeutics to treat cancer, infectious disease, and inflammation. During development, initial leads routinely undergo additional engineering to increase their target affinity. Experimental methods for affinity maturation are expensive, laborious, and time-consuming and…
Richard W. Shuai, Tianyu Lu, Subhang Bhatti, Petr Kouba + 1 more
Structure-conditioned sequence design models aim to design a protein sequence that will fold into a given target structure. Deep-learning-based approaches for sequence design have proven highly successful for various protein design applications, but many non-idealized backbones still remain out of reach for current…
Authors not listed
The ability to generate crystal structures directly from textual descriptions marks a pivotal advancement in materials informatics and underscores the emerging role of large language models (LLMs) in inverse design. In this work, we introduce CrysText, a text-conditioned framework that generates crystal structures in…
Hu Xin, Xu Pengfei, Zhou Jin, Fu Hongbo + 1 more
—Structured layouts are preferable in many 2D visual contents (e.g., GUIs, webpages) since the structural information allows convenient layout editing. Computational frameworks can help create structured layouts but require heavy labor input. Existing data-driven approaches are effective in automatically generating…
Robert C. Honey, Dominic M. Dwyer, Adela F. Iliescu
Associative treatments of how Pavlovian conditioning affects conditioned behavior are rudimentary: A simple ordinal mapping is held to exist between the strength of an association (V) between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US; i.e., V_CS-US_) and conditioned behavior in a given experimental…
Daniel A. Braun, Carsten Mehring, Daniel M. Wolpert
‘Learning to learn’ phenomena have been widely investigated in cognition, perception and more recently also in action. During concept learning tasks, for example, it has been suggested that characteristic features are abstracted from a set of examples with the consequence that learning of similar tasks is facilitated-a…
Authors not listed
Accelerating computational materials science relies not only on hardware advances but also on software that increases the ease of working with the relevant abstractions. Creation and manipulation of crystal structures is a part of many routine materials science workflows. In this work, we demonstrate how fine tuning…
Maria Giavazzi, Sara Sambin, Ruth de Diego-Balaguer, Lorna Le Stanc + 3 more
'Anne-Catherine Bachoud-Lévi' 'Charlotte Jacquemot' 'Niels O. Schiller'] Experiencing a syntactic structure affects how we process subsequent instances of that structure. This phenomenon, called structural priming, is observed both in language production and in language comprehension. However, while abstract syntactic…
Authors not listed
Structure elucidation --- determining molecular structures from spectroscopic data -- remains one of chemistry's most fundamental and challenging tasks, essential for advancing fields from drug discovery to materials science. While machine learning approaches have attempted to automate this process, they typically…
Randall C. O’Reilly, Charan Ranganath, Jacob Russin
A hallmark of human intelligence is the ability to adapt to new situations, by applying learned rules to new content (systematicity) and thereby enabling an open-ended number of inferences and actions (generativity). Here, we propose that the human brain accomplishes these feats through pathways in the parietal cortex…
Jessica C. Lee
In contrast to the large body of work demonstrating second-order conditioning (SOC) in non-human animals, the evidence for SOC in humans is scant. In this review, I examine the existing literature and suggest theoretical and procedural explanations for why SOC has been so elusive in humans. In particular, I discuss…
Alice E. Milne, Maria Chait, Christopher M. Conway
Statistical structures and our ability to exploit them are a ubiquitous component of daily life. Yet, we still do not fully understand how we track these sophisticated statistics and the role they play in sensory processing. Predictive coding frameworks hypothesise that for stimuli that can be accurately anticipated…
Aadesh Gupta, Kaustubh Dhole, Rahul Tarway, Swetha Prabhakar + 1 more
'Ashish Shrivastava'] Domain specific dialogue systems generally determine user intents by relying on sentencelevel classifiers which mainly focus on single action sentences. Such classifiers are not designed to effectively handle complex queries composed of conditional and sequential clauses that represent multiple…
Kristen M. Tooley, Laurel Brehm
Structural priming effects are widespread and heavily relied upon to assess structural representation and processing. Whether these effects are caused by error-driven implicit learning, residual activation, a combination of these, or some other learning mechanism remains to be established. The current study used…
Te-Lin Wu, Caiqi Zhang, Qingyuan Hu, Alex Spangher + 1 more
The ability to infer pre- and postconditions of an action is vital for comprehending complex instructions, and is essential for applications such as autonomous instruction-guided agents and assistive AI that supports humans to perform physical tasks. In this work, we propose a task dubbed action condition inference…
Chi Zhang, Sarah Bernolet, Robert J. Hartsuiker, Michael P. Kaschak
The current study supports the assumption that an attention-demanding short-term memory process contributes to the structural priming effect. First, in the sentence structure memory experiment with a more difficult secondary task ([sec027]), we found that the chance of successfully recalling a target structure in the…
Sai Vallurupalli, Francis Ferraro
Knowing which latent conditions lead to a particular outcome is useful for critically examining claims made about complex event outcomes. Identifying implied conditions and examining their influence on an outcome is challenging. We handle this by combining and augmenting annotations from two existing datasets…
Authors not listed
Native mass spectrometry can characterize a range of biomolecular features pertinent to structural biology, including intact mass, stoichiometry, ligand-bound states, and topology. However, when an instrument’s ionization source is tuned to max-imize signal intensity or adduct removal, it is possible that the…
Britta Grusdt, Daniel Lassiter, Michael Franke
While a large body of work has scrutinized the meaning of conditional sentences, considerably less attention has been paid to formal models of their pragmatic use and interpretation. Here, we take a probabilistic approach to pragmatic reasoning about indicative conditionals which flexibly integrates gradient beliefs…
Haitian Sun, William W. Cohen, Ruslan Salakhutdinov
Some questions have multiple answers that are not equally correct, i.e. answers are different under different conditions. Conditions are used to distinguish answers as well as to provide additional information to support them. In this paper, we study a more challenging task where answers are constrained by a list of…