24 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Cai Qi, Li-Da Luo, Irena Feng, Shaojie Ma
Synapses are the basic units for information processing and storage in the nervous system. It is only when the synaptic connection is established, that it becomes meaningful to discuss the structure and function of a circuit. In humans, our unparalleled cognitive abilities are correlated with an increase in the number…
Harvey B. Sarnat
Synaptogenesis is the final phase of axonal pathfinding. Its sequences of spatial and temporal development in the immature nervous system are precisely timed and consistent. Synaptophysin, a principal structural glycoprotein of synaptic vesicle membranes regardless of the chemical transmitter substance within, is a…
Thomas M. Piers, Seema C. Namboori, Akshay Bhinge, Richard Killick + 1 more
Neuronal circuits evolve as a precisely patterned network. In this context, a growing neuron must locate the appropriate target area on a neurite of a neighbouring cell with which to connect. Controlled target selection involves dendritic filopodial contacts and requires the exact apposition of synaptic components.…
Faiyaz Elahi Mullick, Supriyo Bandyopadhyay, Rob Baxter, Tony J. Ragucci + 1 more
'Tony J. Ragucci' 'Avik W. Ghosh'] The human brain functions very differently from artificial neural networks (ANN) and possesses unique features that are absent in ANN. An important one among them is "adaptive synaptogenesis" that modifies synaptic weights when needed to avoid catastrophic forgetting and promote…
Tommaso Boccato, Matteo Ferrante, Nicola Toschi
In this paper we introduce SynaptoGen, a novel framework that aims to bridge the gap between genetic manipulations and neuronal network behavior by simulating synaptogenesis and guiding the development of neuronal networks capable of solving predetermined computational tasks. Drawing inspiration from recent…
Sotaro Ichinose, Yoshihiro Susuki, Ryosuke Kaneko, Hirohide Iwasaki
In mature neurons, excitatory synapses are formed on the dendritic spine, whereas inhibitory synapses are formed on the dendritic shaft. Thus, it is primarily the accumulation of synaptic proteins that characterizes inhibitory synapses as distinct from non-synaptic regions. Protein accumulation is achieved by a…
Samuel Teo, Patricia C. Salinas
The formation of synapses is a tightly regulated process that requires the coordinated assembly of the presynaptic and postsynaptic sides. Defects in synaptogenesis during development or in the adult can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders, neurological disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. In order to develop…
Mikihito Shibata, Kartik Pattabiraman, Sydney K. Muchnik, Nenad Sestan
The similarities and differences between nervous systems of various species result from developmental constraints and specific adaptations ^1-4^. Comparative analyses of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a region of the cerebral cortex involved in higher-order cognition and complex social behaviors, have identified…
Devyn Oliver, Shankar Ramachandran, Alison Philbrook, Christopher M. Lambert + 3 more
The functional properties of neural circuits are defined by the patterns of synaptic connections between their partnering neurons, but the mechanisms that stabilize circuit connectivity are poorly understood. We systemically examined this question at synapses onto newly characterized dendritic spines of C. elegans…
Mohammad Javad Shafiee, Francis Li, Alexander Wong
Deep neural networks (LeCun, Bengio, & Hinton, 2015) can be considered one of the most successful biology-inspired machine learning approaches, having shown significant improvements in accuracy over other machine learning approaches for a wide range of challenges ranging from image classification and segmentation…
Francesco Paolo Ulloa Severino, Oluwadamilola Lawal, Kristina Sakers, Shiyi Wang + 9 more
Synaptogenesis is essential for circuit development; however, it is unknown whether it is critical for the establishment and performance of goal-directed voluntary behaviors. Here, we show that operant-conditioning via lever-press for food reward-training in mice induces excitatory synapse formation onto a subset of…
Chundi Xu, Emma Theisen, Elijah Rumbaut, Bryan Shum + 7 more
The ability of neurons to distinguish appropriate from inappropriate synaptic partners in their local environment is fundamental to the proper assembly and function of neural circuits. How synaptic partner selection is regulated is a longstanding question in Neurobiology. A prevailing hypothesis is that appropriate…
Jan Karbowski
During mammalian development the cerebral metabolic rate correlates qualitatively with synaptogenesis, and both often exhibit bimodal temporal profiles. Despite these non-monotonic dependencies, it is found based on empirical data for different mammals that regional metabolic rate per synapse is approximately conserved…
Ben Vermaercke, Ryohei Iwata, Keimpe Weirda, Leïla Boubakar + 4 more
Intellectual deficiency (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) originate from disrupted development of human-specific cognitive functions. Human brain ontogeny is characterized by a considerably prolonged, neotenic, cortical neuron development. Neuronal neoteny could be disrupted in ID/ASD, but this was never tested…
JIN YiShi
Since Caenorhabditis elegans was chosen as a model organism by Sydney Brenner in 1960’s, genetic studies in this organism have been instrumental in discovering the function of genes and in deciphering molecular signaling network. The small size of the organism and the simple nervous system enable the complete…
Kuanren Qian, Genesis Omana Suarez, Toshihiko Nambara, Takahisa Kanekiyo + 3 more
dynamic domain expansion and local refinement Authors: ['Kuanren Qian' 'Genesis Omana Suarez' 'Toshihiko Nambara' 'Takahisa Kanekiyo' 'Ashlee S. Liao' 'Victoria A. Webster‐Wood' 'Yongjie Zhang'] Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have arisen as one of the most prevailing chronic diseases within the US. Often…
Ruggiero Francavilla, Bidisha Chattopadhyaya, Jorelle Linda Damo Kamda, Vidya Jadhav + 3 more
SYNGAP1 haploinsufficiency-related intellectual disability (SYNGAP1-ID) is characterized by moderate to severe ID, generalized epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, sensory processing dysfunction and other behavioral abnormalities. While numerous studies have highlighted a role of Syngap1 in cortical excitatory neurons…
Nallathambi Jeyabalan, James P. Clement
A cardinal feature of early stages of human brain development centers on the sensory, cognitive, and emotional experiences that shape neuronal-circuit formation and refinement. Consequently, alterations in these processes account for many psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurodevelopment disorders affect…
Sol Lim, Marcus Kaiser
Early brain connectivity development consists of multiple stages: birth of neurons, their migration and the subsequent growth of axons and dendrites. Each stage occurs within a certain period of time depending on types of neurons and cortical layers. Forming synapses between neurons either by growing axons starting at…
Raffaella Barbieri, Andrea Contestabile, Maria Grazia Ciardo, Nicola Forte + 4 more
'Nicola Forte' 'Antonella Marte' 'Pietro Baldelli' 'Fabio Benfenati' 'Franco Onofri'] Adult neurogenesis is emerging as an important player in brain functions and homeostasis, while impaired or altered adult neurogenesis has been associated with a number of neuropsychiatric diseases, such as depression and epilepsy.…
Authors not listed
Molecular mechanisms governing initiation steps of the assembly of thousands of endogenous multi-protein complexes (EMCs) remain incompletely understood. Here, multiple lines of observations are reported reflecting the biological functions-aligned initiation sequence of hybrid assembly pathways (HAPs) of EMCs. HAPs…
Yuanmo Wang, Ajay Pradhan, Pankaj Gupta, Jörg Hanrieder + 2 more
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a critical neurotransmitter influencing various neurophysiological functions. Despite its significance, there is a lack of quantitative methods with adequate spatiotemporal resolution for recording single exocytotic efflux of ACh. In this study, we present an ultrafast amperometric ACh biosensor…
wenzhong liu, hualan li
Infection with the Zika virus results in severe neurological disease in adults or congenital Zika syndrome in newborns. We employed the domain search strategy to study the Zika virus glycoprotein E in this work. The results revealed that immature E contains a NGF domain…
Authors not listed
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a key neurotransmitter involved in cognitive function, motor control, and synaptic modulation, yet its electrochemical inactivity and the rapid kinetics of exocytosis have hindered real-time quantal detection. Previous micrometer-scale enzymatic ACh biosensors enabled sub-millisecond…