26 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Medha Raina, Michael Ibba
Transfer RNAs (tRNA) are best known for their role as adaptors during translation of the genetic code. Beyond their canonical role during protein biosynthesis, tRNAs also perform additional functions in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes for example in regulating gene expression. Aminoacylated tRNAs have also been…
Tapan K. Mohanta, Asad S. Syed, Fuad Ameen, Hanhong Bae
Transfer RNA (tRNA) plays a central role in protein synthesis and acts as an adaptor molecule between an mRNA and an amino acid. A tRNA has an L-shaped clover leaf-like structure and contains an acceptor arm, D-arm, D-loop, anti-codon arm, anti-codon loop, variable loop, Ψ-arm and Ψ-loop. All of these arms and loops…
Suja George, Mohammed Rafi, Maitha Aldarmaki, Mohamed ElSiddig + 2 more
'Mariam Al Nuaimi' 'Khaled M. A. Amiri'] In the past 2 decades, small non-coding RNAs derived from tRNA (tsRNAs or tRNA derived fragments; tRFs) have emerged as new powerful players in the field of small RNA mediated regulation of gene expression, translation, and epigenetic control. tRFs have been identified from…
Ilana Agmon, Itay Fayerverker, Tal More
The evolutionary pathway of tRNA established the linking of the genetic code and protein synthesis, thus, revealing the characteristics of the prebiotic tRNA is crucial for presenting a feasible scenario for the emergence of life. Analysis of bacterial tRNA sequences reveals that for nine amino acids, mostly those…
Joshua L. Weiss, J. C. Decker, Ariadna Bolano, Natalie Krahn
Transfer RNAs have been extensively explored as the molecules that translate the genetic code into proteins. At this interface of genetics and biochemistry, tRNAs direct the efficiency of every major step of translation by interacting with a multitude of binding partners. However, due to the variability of tRNA…
Lauren Dineen, David Wilson, Abigail Leavitt LaBella
tRNA are adapter molecules with an integral role in translation and further roles in stress adaptation. Processing of tRNA is tightly regulated and includes the enzymatic addition of several post-transcriptional modifications that are required for translation efficiency, recognition, selective translation, and…
Irem Avcilar-Kucukgoze, Anna Kashina
Transfer tRNAs (tRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are highly conserved in all kingdoms of life. Originally discovered as the molecules that deliver amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis, tRNAs have been believed for a long time to play exclusive role in translation. However, recent…
Sarah M Assmann, Hong-Li Chou, Philip C Bevilacqua
RNA can fold back on itself to adopt a wide range of structures. These range from relatively simple hairpins to intricate 3D folds and can be accompanied by regulatory interactions with both metabolites and macromolecules. The last 50 yr have witnessed elucidation of an astonishing array of RNA structures including…
Cyrille Megel, Geoffrey Morelle, Stéphanie Lalande, Anne-Marie Duchêne + 3 more
'Anne-Marie Duchêne' 'Ian Small' 'Laurence Maréchal-Drouard' 'Michael Ibba'] Beyond their central role in protein synthesis, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) have many other crucial functions. This includes various roles in the regulation of gene expression, stress responses, metabolic processes and priming reverse transcription.…
Michael Lanzillotti, Jennifer Brodbelt
Mass spectrometry has proven to be a highly effective tool for characterization of RNA post-transcriptional modifications. For both synthetic RNAs and ones from biological sources, mass spectrometry can interrogate multiple, co-occurring covalent modifications at the nucleotide level simultaneously. To expand the…
Rodrigo Alarcon, Daniel Köster, Stine Behrmann, Zoya Ignatova
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) play an essential role in protein synthesis and cellular homeostasis, with their dysregulation associated with various human pathologies. Recent advances in direct RNA sequencing by the Nanopore platform have enabled simultaneous profiling of tRNA abundance, modifications, and aminoacylation…
Andrew D. Holmes, Patricia P. Chan, Qi Chen, Pavel Ivanov + 4 more
Small RNAs processed from transfer RNA are recognized to have regulatory functions distinct from protein synthesis. This rapidly advancing field has led to a constellation of transcript nomenclatures. Building upon the accepted tRNA naming system and linking tRNA-derived small RNAs to their molecular sources, we…
Satoshi Tamaki, Masaru Tomita, Haruo Suzuki, Akio Kanai
To determine the mechanism underlying the flow of genetic information, it is important to understand the relationship between a tRNA and its binding enzyme, a member of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) family. We have developed a novel method to project the interacting regions of tRNA-aaRS complexes, obtained from…
Laura K. White, Kezia Dobson, Samantha del Pozo, Jill M. Bilodeaux + 9 more
Transfer RNAs are the fundamental adapter molecules of protein synthesis and the most abundant and heterogeneous class of noncoding RNA molecules in cells. The study of tRNA repertoires remains challenging, complicated by the presence of dozens of post transcriptional modifications. Nanopore sequencing is an emerging…
Eva Jacinto-Loeza, Augusto Uc-Mass, Gabriel Guarneros
The generation of tRNA halves and fragments (tsRNAs) has been associated with stressful growth conditions in eukaryotes, but reports on tsRNAs in bacteria are scarce. Here, we demonstrate that the presence of tsRNAs in Escherichia coli depends on active translation, and that they are found in the 30S ribosomal subunit…
Janet Sasso, Barbara Ambrose, Rumiana Tenchov, Ruchira Datta + 3 more
In the last decade, there has been a shift in research, clinical development, and commercial activity to exploit the many roles of RNA in physiology for use in medicine. With the rapid success in the development of lipid-RNA nanoparticles for mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 and with several approved RNA-based drugs, RNA…
Jacques Daniel
To synthesize peptides alongside the RNAs, some genetic coding involving RNA had to develop. Herein, it is proposed that the first real-coding setup was a direct one, made up of continuous poly-tRNA-like molecules, with each tRNA-like moiety carrying, beyond and near its 5' or 3' end, a trinucleotide site for specific…
Guillaume Hummel, David Pflieger, Alexandre Berr, Laurence Drouard
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are universal adaptors of the genetic code, yet their evolutionary dynamics across photosynthetic eukaryotes remain underexplored. Here, we present the largest comparative re-analysis integrating the PlantRNA database with published data to explore tRNA gene evolution. We find that tRNA gene…
Jacques Daniel
The poly-tRNA model was recently presented for the origin and evolution of genetic coding. This model has led to a rather precise description of what might have occurred at the beginning of protein synthesis in the first life form. Here, we further discuss some interesting implications of this model. First, the system…
Clark Fritsch, Arpan Bhattacharya, Martin Y. Ng, Hong Li + 3 more
The ribosome plays a central role in translation of the genetic code into amino acid sequences during synthesis of polypeptides. During each cycle of peptide elongation, the ribosome must discriminate between correct and incorrect aminoacyl-tRNAs according to the codon present in its A-site. Ribosomes rely on a complex…
Binil Shyam T.V., Rati Sharma
mRNA translation is a crucial process that leads to protein synthesis in living cells. Therefore, it is a process that needs to work optimally for a cell to stay healthy and alive. With advancements in microscopy and novel experimental techniques, a lot of the intricate details about the translation mechanism are now…
Michael Lanzillotti, Jennifer Brodbelt
Broad interest in nucleic acids – both their therapeutic capabilities and understanding the nuances of their structure and resulting function – has increased in recent years. Post-transcriptional modifications in particular have become an important analysis target, as these covalent modifications to the sugars…
Annwesha Dutta, Gunter M. Schütz, Debashish Chowdhury
The ribosome is one of the largest and most complex macromolecular machines in living cells. It polymerizes a protein in a step-by-step manner as directed by the corresponding nucleotide sequence on the template messenger RNA (mRNA) and this process is referred to as 'translation' of the genetic message encoded in the…
Simona Cocco, Andrea De Martino, Andrea Pagnani, Martin Weigt
This contribution focuses on the fascinating RNA molecule, its sequence-dependent folding driven by basepairing interactions, the interplay between these interactions and natural evolution, and its multiple regulatory roles. The four of us have dug into these topics using the tools and the spirit of the statistical…
Meng Su, Samuel Roberts, John Sutherland
Ribosomal translation at the origin of life requires controlled aminoacylation to produce mono-aminoacyl esters of tRNAs. Herein, we show that transient annealing of short RNA oligo:amino acid mixed anhydrides to an acceptor strand enables the sequential transfer of aminoacyl residues to the diol of an overhang, first…
Stephanie Heard, Jaclyn Winter
The adenylation reaction has been a subject of scientific intrigue since it was first recognized as essential to many biological processes, including the homeostasis and pathogenicity of some bacteria and the activation of amino acids for protein synthesis in mammals. Several foundational studies on adenylation (A)…