25 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Haopeng Chen, Pieter Verbeke, Stefania Mattioni, Cristian Buc Calderon + 1 more
Testing enhances memory more than studying. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the robustness of this classic effect, its neural and computational origin remains debated. Predictive learning is a potential mechanism behind this phenomenon: Because predictions and prediction errors (mismatch between predictions…
Scott H. Fraundorf, Zachary A. Caddick, Timothy J. Nokes-Malach, Benjamin M. Rottman
Although tests and assessments-such as those used to maintain a physician’s Board certification-are often viewed merely as tools for decision-making about one’s performance level, strong evidence now indicates that the experience of being tested is a powerful learning experience in its own right: The act of retrieving…
Sven Greving, Tobias Richter
Review of learned material is crucial for the learning process. One approach that promises to increase the effectiveness of reviewing during learning is to answer questions about the learning content rather than restudying the material (testing effect). This effect is well established in lab experiments. However…
Aaron S. Benjamin, Catarina S. Ferreira, Maria Wimber
Remembering facilitates future remembering. This benefit of practicing by active retrieval, as compared to more passive relearning, is known as the testing effect and is one of the most robust findings in the memory literature. It has typically been assessed using verbal materials such as word pairs, sentences, or…
Bernhard Pastötter, Karl-Heinz T. Bäuml
In the last couple of years, there has been a dramatic increase in laboratory research examining the benefits of recall testing on long-term learning and retention. This work was largely on the backward effect of testing, which shows that retrieval practice on previously studied information, compared to restudy of the…
Kristin Wenzel, Marc-André Reinhard
It has often been shown that tests as intentionally hindered and difficult learning tasks increase long-term learning compared to easier tasks. Previous work additionally indicated that higher intelligence might serve as a prerequisite for such beneficial effects of tests. Nevertheless, despite their long-term learning…
Jonathan Bufe, Alp Aslan
Previous work has shown that testing can enhance learning and retention of subsequently studied new information. The present study investigated this forward testing effect in spatial memory. In two experiments, participants studied four successively presented 3 × 3 arrays, each composed of the same nine objects. They…
Harlan Campbell
We introduce equivalence testing procedures for standardized effect sizes in a linear regression analysis. Such tests are useful for confirming the lack of a meaningful association between a continuous outcome and continuous/binary covariates and may be particularly valuable if the covariates of interest are measured…
Peter F. Halpin, Joshua B. Gilbert
Specific Outcome Measure Used Authors: ['Peter F. Halpin' 'Joshua B. Gilbert'] This paper addresses the situation in which treatment effects are reported using educational or psychological outcome measures comprised of multiple questions or "items." A distinction is made between a treatment effect on the construct…
Yeray Mera, Nataliya Dianova, Eugenia Marin-Garcia
Retrieval practice, or taking tests after studying, is a highly effective strategy to enhance learning. Furthermore, pretesting, which involves attempting and failing to guess unknown information before studying it, has emerged as a more effective strategy than mere re-studying. These methods exemplify errorful…
Jiayue Wan, Yujia Zhang, Peter I. Frazier
Population-wide screening to identify and isolate infectious individuals is a powerful tool for controlling COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. Group testing can enable such screening despite limited testing resources. Samples' viral loads are often positively correlated, either because prevalence and sample…
Jana Scharfen, Diego Blum, Heinz Holling
As retest effects in cognitive ability tests have been investigated by various primary and meta-analytic studies, most studies from this area focus on score gains as a result of retesting. To the best of our knowledge, no meta-analytic study has been reported that provides sizable estimates of response time (RT)…
Neil R. Smalheiser, Elena E. Graetz, Zhou Yu, Jing Wang
A recent flood of publications has documented serious problems in scientific reproducibility, power, and reporting of biomedical articles, yet scientists persist in their usual practices. Why? We examined a popular and important preclinical assay, the Forced Swim Test (FST) in mice used to test putative…
Adrián Santos, Sira Vegas, Markku Oivo, Natália Juristo
Context: It has been argued that software engineering replications are useful for verifying the results of previous experiments. However, it has not yet been agreed how to check whether the results hold across replications. Besides, some authors suggest that replications that do not verify the results of previous…
Kevin Han, Shuangning Li, Jialiang Mao, Han Wu
In the past decade, the technology industry has adopted online randomized controlled experiments (a.k.a. A/B testing) to guide product development and make business decisions. In practice, A/B tests are often implemented with increasing treatment allocation: the new treatment is gradually released to an increasing…
Mark A. Rubin
Scientists often adjust their significance threshold (alpha level) during null hypothesis significance testing in order to take into account multiple testing and multiple comparisons. This alpha adjustment has become particularly relevant in the context of the replication crisis in science. The present article…
Authors not listed
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) modeling is a pillar of computational drug discovery. However, standard machine learning (ML) models are often confounded by the high-dimensional and intensely correlated nature of molecular descriptors. A model may identify a "bulk" property (e.g., molecular weight)…
Younes Boulaguiem, Julie Quartier, Maria Lapteva, Yogeshvar N Kalia + 3 more
Average (bio)equivalence tests are used to assess if a parameter, like the mean difference in treatment response between two conditions for example, lies within a given equivalence interval, hence allowing to conclude that the conditions have ‘equivalent’ means. The Two One-Sided Tests (TOST) procedure, consisting in…
Md Rejuan Haque, Laura Kubatko
Combination tests are used to combine P-values from individual studies to test a global null hypothesis. These types of tests can also be applied to combine P-values from testing separate null hypotheses within the same study in cases for which the procedure for testing a global null hypothesis is unavailable. One such…
Daniel Graziotin, Per Lenberg, Robert Feldt, Stefan Wagner
A meaningful and deep understanding of the human aspects of software engineering (SE) requires psychological constructs to be considered. Psychology theory can facilitate the systematic and sound development as well as the adoption of instruments (e.g., psychological tests, questionnaires) to assess these constructs.…
Authors not listed
The development of polymer materials for real-world applications requires careful assessment of material degradation over time and under environmental exposure. Such tests often necessitate frequent monitoring of test specimens, which can become burdensome for researchers. In this study, we present the application of a…
Authors not listed
The ongoing threat of global warming necessitates a shift towards clean energy sources to meet rising demands while reducing carbon emissions. Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) represent a promising technology for both mobile and stationary applications but their poor operational lifetimes and frequent faults are…
Authors not listed
• Background In the cannabis industry, achieving accurate analytical test results is complex, hindered by challenges such as sampling issues, sample preparation, cross-contamination, and the choice of analytical methods. The heterogeneity of cannabis complicates obtaining representative samples, crucial for precise…
Sanghyuk Ko
Different types of diagnostics methods were introduced to the public due to the recent global pandemic. From the real-time reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to antigen lateral flow assay (LFA), these tests allow relatively accurate and rapid diagnosis of the infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus. Because…
Joshua Hesse, Davide Boldini, Stephan Sieber
In the rapidly evolving field of drug discovery, High Throughput Screening (HTS) is a pivotal technique for identifying promising compounds. Despite its wide usage, the primary challenge remains in efficiently sifting through vast chemical libraries to discern true bioactive compounds from false positives. This study…