22 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Abhipsa Tripathy, Gajendra K. Vishwakarma, Atanu Bhattacharjee
Conventional survival analysis models typically assume that the hazard function depends solely on the baseline hazard and covariate values, overlooking unobserved factors that influence survival outcomes. In practice, however, unmeasured variables often contribute to heterogeneity among seemingly similar individuals.…
Themis Matsoukas, Jean-Noël Jaubert
We formulate binary fragmentation as a discrete stochastic process in which an integer mass k splits into two integer fragments j, $k-j$, with rate proportional to the fragmentation kernel $F_{j,k-j}$. We construct the ensemble of all distributions that can form in fixed number of steps from initial mass M and obtain…
Romario Gildas Foko Tiomela, Serges Love Teutu Talla, Samson Adekola Alagbe, Olawale Nasiru Lawal + 1 more
'Samson Adekola Alagbe' 'Olawale Nasiru Lawal' 'Isabella Kemajou-Brown'] This study explores the complexities of stationary and non-stationary transition probabilities within the framework of a Markov Decision Process (MDP), specifically applied to COVID-19. The research highlights the critical role these probabilities…
Kamaludin Dingle, Javor K. Novev, Sebastian E. Ahnert, Ard A. Louis
Unravelling the structure of genotype-phenotype (GP) maps is an important problem in biology. Recently, arguments inspired by algorithmic information theory (AIT) and Kolmogorov complexity have been invoked to uncover simplicity bias in GP maps, an exponentially decaying upper bound in phenotype probability with…
Anton Nazarov, M. S. Sushkov
We consider random Young diagrams with respect to the measure induced by the decomposition of the p-th exterior power of C n ⊗ C k into irreducible representations of GL n ×GL k . We demonstrate that transition probabilities for these diagrams in the limit n, k, p → ∞ with p ∼ nk converge to the large N limiting law…
Fran Llopis-Cardona, Carmen Armero, Gabriel Sanfélix-Gimeno
Background Multi-state models are complex stochastic models which focus on pathways defined by the temporal and sequential occurrence of numerous events of interest. In particular, the so-called illness-death models are especially useful for studying probabilities associated to diseases whose occurrence competes with…
Ryan Vosbigian, Marika Dobos, Matthew R. Falcy
Space-for-time Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) models have been developed to estimate survival of migrating animals that are imperfectly detected at spatially discrete sampling stations. However, space-for-time CJS models typically ignore survival over time and age-specific probability of movement, missing the diversity of…
Pietro Cipresso, Francesca Borghesi, Alice Chirico
From a mathematical point of view, a Markov chain is a stochastic process where the probability of transitioning from one state to another is determined only by the current state, not by the sequence of events that preceded it. Thus, the behavior of the chain is determined by the probability of transitioning from one…
Sébastien Gomé, Laurette S. Tuckerman, Dwight Barkley
Transitional localised turbulence in shear flows is known to either decay to an absorbing laminar state or to proliferate via splitting. The average passage times from one state to the other depend superexponentially on the Reynolds number and lead to a crossing Reynolds number above which proliferation is more likely…
Ko-Ping Chou, Tzu-Yu Hsu
The P300 amplitude has been linked to the processing of uncertain events. Studies have assumed that knowledge extracted from sequences of events corresponds to event probability. The relationship between the P300 and event uncertainty has been studied using the model-based analysis, in which the subjective expectancy…
Iker Rivas-González, Lars Nørvang Andersen, Asger Hobolth
Phase-type distributions are a general class of models that are traditionally used in actuarial sciences and queuing theory, and more recently in population genetics. A phase-type distributed random variable is the time to absorption in a discrete or continuous time Markov chain on a finite state space with an…
Giuliano Chiriacò, Mikheil Tsitsishvili, Dario Poletti, Rosario Fazio + 1 more
'Rosario Fazio' 'Marcello Dalmonte'] We study the quantum dynamics of a many-body system subject to coherent evolution and coupled to a non-Markovian bath. We propose a technique to unravel the non-Markovian dynamics in terms of quantum jumps, a connection that was so far only understood for single-body systems. We…
Benedikt Axel Brandes
In this contribution, I derive the transition state theory through a probabilistic model embedded in statistical mechanics. This leads to a formulation equivalent to the Eyring equation proving that the transfer coefficient must always be one. This derivation proves that the transition between two systems that are…
Paolo Bartesaghi
The laws of chance are often subtle and deceptive. This is why games of chance work. People are convinced that they obey seemingly intuitive laws, while the underlying mathematical structure reveals a different and more complex reality. This article is a brief and rigorous journey through the implications that the…
Baoyin Yuan, Feng Jiao
Understanding extinction probabilities in branching processes is pivotal for epidemiology and population dynamics. Traditional models often assume a fixed generation time, resulting in extinction probabilities determined solely by offspring distributions and remaining unchanged over time. By contrast, our study…
S. Redner
These notes are based on the lectures that I gave (virtually) at the Bruneck Summer School in 2021 on first-passage processes and some applications of the basic theory. I begin by defining a first-passage process and presenting the connection between the first-passage probability and the familiar occupation…
Authors not listed
Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is the most computationally efficient way to model large molecular systems atomistically for extended periods; however, due to fixed forcefield parameters, incorporating on-the-fly quantum reactions is not straightforward. Reactive Step-Based Molecular Dynamics (RSMD) is a…
Authors not listed
Gibbs’ paradox—the apparent discontinuity in mixing entropy for gases of varying similarity and the seeming reversibility of mixing-separation cycles—has resisted fully satisfactory resolution for 150 years. We present a solution based on categorical state theory, which posits that physical con f igurations are…
Michael C. Parker, Chris Jeynes, Stuart D. Walker, Geert Verdoolaege
We prove that the probability of “AorB”, denoted as p(AorB), where A and B are events or hypotheses that may be recursively dependent, is given by a “Hyperbolic Sum Rule” (HSR), which is relationally isomorphic to the hyperbolic tangent double-angle formula. We also prove that this HSR is Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt).…
Francesco Talotta, David Lauvergnat, Federica Agostini
The exact factorization of the electron-nuclear wavefunction is applied to the study of the photo- isomerization of a retinal chromophore model. We describe such an ultrafast nonadiabatic process by analyzing the time-dependent potentials of the theory and by mimicking nuclear dynamics with quantum and coupled…
Emilio Salinas, Terrence R Stanford
Intuitively, combining multiple sources of evidence should lead to more accurate decisions than considering single sources of evidence individually. In practice, however, the proper computation may be difficult, or may require additional data that are inaccessible. Here, based on the concept of conditional…
Authors not listed
Traditional electron-configuration notation (e.g. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6) compresses multi-electron quantum information into integer occupancies that convey allowed maxima and most-probable arrangements but obscure the underlying probabilistic distribution and the spread of possible measurement outcomes. We present a…